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net 2.0 提供的 ftp 类总结 (转很有用的)这次ftp 它帮了我大忙

2010-01-25 17:15 351 查看
Microsoft .NET Framework 2.0新增加了3个类使我们很方便的对文件传输协议(FTP)服务器进行操作

FtpWebRequest类:实现文件传输协议(FTP)客户端

public sealed class FtpWebRequest : WebRequest

FtpWebResponse类:封装文件传输协议(FTP)服务器对请求的响应

public class FtpWebResponse : WebResponse, IDisposable

WebRequestMethods.Ftp类:表示可与FTP请求一起使用的FTP协议方法的类型,无法继承此类

public static class Ftp

类关系图

 

操作ftp的一般步骤我总结如下:

第一步:WebRequest.Create方法,获得FtpWebRequest的实例

第二步:利用WebRequestMethods.Ftp设置FtpWebRequest的Method属性,指定使用的FTP协议方法的类型

第三步:设置FtpWebRequest的Credentials属性,指定用户名和密码

第四步:发出请求

第五步:接收响应数据流(有些ftp操作可能没这一步,例如给文件夹改名)

第六步:关闭流

 

下面从几段代码来分别展示ftp的不同操作:

1.文件夹和文件信息

关键知识说明:

a.FtpWebRequest类没有公开的构造函数,我们通过WebRequest.Create方法,获得FtpWebRequest的实例

b.通过WebRequestMethods.Ftp.ListDirectoryDetails(详细列表)或者WebRequestMethods.Ftp.ListDirectory(简短列表)获取FTP服务器上的文件列表

c.请求返回的数据在GetResponseStream方法返回的流中

d.字符编码请用System.Text.Encoding.Default,要不中文名会乱码

e.FtpWebRequest.Credentials属性设置登陆用户名和密码

f.FtpWebRequest.UseBinary属性,true,指示服务器要传输的是二进制数据.false,指示数据为文本。默认值为true

g.FtpWebRequest.EnableSsl属性,如果控制和数据传输是加密的,则为true.否则为false.默认值为 false

实例代码:

获取ftp://218.16.229.120/
上的文件信息

Uri uri = new Uri ( "ftp://218.16.229.120/
" );

FtpWebRequest listRequest = ( FtpWebRequest ) WebRequest.Create ( uri );

listRequest.Method = WebRequestMethods.Ftp.ListDirectoryDetails;

//listRequest.Method = WebRequestMethods.Ftp.ListDirectory;

string ftpUser = "";

string ftpPassWord = "";

listRequest.Credentials = new NetworkCredential ( ftpUser , ftpPassWord );

FtpWebResponse listResponse = ( FtpWebResponse ) listRequest.GetResponse ( );

Stream responseStream = listResponse.GetResponseStream ( );

StreamReader readStream = new StreamReader ( responseStream , System.Text.Encoding.Default );

if ( readStream != null )

{

    MessageBox.Show ( readStream.ReadToEnd ( )  );

}

MessageBox.Show ( string.Format ( "状态: {0},{1}" ,listResponse.StatusCode,  listResponse.StatusDescription ) );

listResponse.Close ( );

responseStream.Close ( );

readStream.Close ( );

通过WebRequestMethods.Ftp.ListDirectoryDetails(详细列表)或者WebRequestMethods.Ftp.ListDirectory(简短列表)返回的结果是不一样的.请看图

利用WebRequestMethods.Ftp.ListDirectoryDetails,readStream.ReadToEnd
( )返回的字符串比较复杂(不同类型的Ftp会有不同返回形式的返回结果),要把里面的文件夹和文件区分别列出来比较繁琐,代码比较多.

大概的调用方法如下:

string dataString = readStream.ReadToEnd ( );

DirectoryListParser parser = new DirectoryListParser ( dataString );

FileStruct [ ] fs = parser.FullListing;

返回的FileStruct有一个属性IsDirectory,可以区分文件夹和文件

DirectoryListParser类代码如下:

DirectoryListParser

<!--

Code highlighting produced by Actipro CodeHighlighter (freeware)
http://www.CodeHighlighter.com/

-->using System;

using System.IO;

using System.Net;

using System.Text.RegularExpressions;

using System.Collections;

using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace WindowsApplicationFTP

{

    public struct FileStruct

    {

        public string Flags;

        public string Owner;

        public bool IsDirectory;

        public string CreateTime;

        public string Name;

    }

    public enum FileListStyle

    {

        UnixStyle,

        WindowsStyle,

        Unknown

    }

    public class DirectoryListParser

    {

        private List<FileStruct> _myListArray;

        public FileStruct[] FullListing

        {

            get

            {

                return _myListArray.ToArray();               

            }

        }

        public FileStruct[] FileList

        {           

            get

            {

                List<FileStruct> _fileList = new List<FileStruct>();

                foreach(FileStruct thisstruct in _myListArray)

                {

                    if(!thisstruct.IsDirectory)

                    {

                        _fileList.Add(thisstruct);                       

                    }

                }

                return _fileList.ToArray();

            }

        }

        public FileStruct[] DirectoryList

        {

            get

            {

                List<FileStruct> _dirList = new List<FileStruct>();

                foreach(FileStruct thisstruct in _myListArray)

                {

                    if(thisstruct.IsDirectory)

                    {

                        _dirList.Add(thisstruct);                       

                    }

                }

                return _dirList.ToArray();

            }

        }

        public DirectoryListParser(string responseString)

        {

            _myListArray = GetList(responseString);           

        }

       

        private List<FileStruct> GetList(string datastring)

        {

            List<FileStruct> myListArray = new List<FileStruct>();

            string[] dataRecords = datastring.Split('/n');

            FileListStyle _directoryListStyle = GuessFileListStyle(dataRecords);

            foreach (string s in dataRecords)

            {

                if (_directoryListStyle != FileListStyle.Unknown && s != "")

                {

                    FileStruct f = new FileStruct();

                    f.Name = "..";

                    switch (_directoryListStyle)

                    {

                        case FileListStyle.UnixStyle:                           

                            f = ParseFileStructFromUnixStyleRecord(s);

                            break;

                        case FileListStyle.WindowsStyle:

                            f = ParseFileStructFromWindowsStyleRecord(s);

                            break;

                    }

                    if (f.Name != "" && f.Name != "." && f.Name != "..")

                    {

                        myListArray.Add(f);    

                    }

                }

            }

            return myListArray;

        }

       

        private FileStruct ParseFileStructFromWindowsStyleRecord(string Record)

        {

            ///Assuming the record style as

            /// 02-03-04  07:46PM       <DIR>          Append

            FileStruct f = new FileStruct();

            string processstr = Record.Trim();

            string dateStr = processstr.Substring(0,8);     

            processstr = (processstr.Substring(8, processstr.Length - 8)).Trim();

            string timeStr = processstr.Substring(0, 7);

            processstr = (processstr.Substring(7, processstr.Length - 7)).Trim();

            f.CreateTime = dateStr + " " + timeStr;

            if (processstr.Substring(0,5) == "<DIR>")

            {

                f.IsDirectory = true;   

                processstr = (processstr.Substring(5, processstr.Length - 5)).Trim();

            }

            else

            {

                string[] strs = processstr.Split(new char[] { ' ' }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);

                processstr = strs[1];

                f.IsDirectory = false;

            }

            f.Name = processstr;  //Rest is name  

            return f;

        }

       

        public FileListStyle GuessFileListStyle(string[] recordList)

        {

            foreach (string s in recordList)

            {

                if(s.Length > 10

                    && Regex.IsMatch(s.Substring(0,10),"(-|d)((-|r)(-|w)(-|x)){3}"))

                {

                    return FileListStyle.UnixStyle;

                }   

                else if (s.Length > 8

                    && Regex.IsMatch(s.Substring(0, 8),  "[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2}"))

                {

                    return FileListStyle.WindowsStyle;

                }

            }

            return FileListStyle.Unknown;

        }

       

        private FileStruct ParseFileStructFromUnixStyleRecord(string record)

        {

            ///Assuming record style as

            /// dr-xr-xr-x   1 owner    group               0 Nov 25  2002 bussys

            FileStruct f = new FileStruct();

            if (record[0] == '-' || record[0] == 'd')

            {// its a valid file record

                string processstr = record.Trim();

                f.Flags = processstr.Substring(0, 9);

                f.IsDirectory = (f.Flags[0] == 'd');

                processstr = (processstr.Substring(11)).Trim();

                _cutSubstringFromStringWithTrim(ref processstr, ' ', 0);   //skip one part

                f.Owner = _cutSubstringFromStringWithTrim(ref processstr, ' ', 0);

                f.CreateTime = getCreateTimeString(record);

                int fileNameIndex = record.IndexOf(f.CreateTime)+f.CreateTime.Length;

                f.Name = record.Substring(fileNameIndex).Trim();   //Rest of the part is name               

            }

            else

            {

                f.Name = "";

            }

            return f;

        }

        private string getCreateTimeString(string record)

        {

            //Does just basic datetime string validation for demo, not an accurate check

            //on date and time fields

            string month = "(jan|feb|mar|apr|may|jun|jul|aug|sep|oct|nov|dec)";

            string space = @"(/040)+";

            string day = "([0-9]|[1-3][0-9])";

            string year = "[1-2][0-9]{3}";

            string time = "[0-9]{1,2}:[0-9]{2}";           

            Regex dateTimeRegex = new Regex(month+space+day+space+"("+year+"|"+time+")", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase);

            Match match = dateTimeRegex.Match(record);

            return match.Value;

        }   

   

        private string _cutSubstringFromStringWithTrim(ref string s, char c, int startIndex)

        {

            int pos1 = s.IndexOf(c, startIndex);

            string retString = s.Substring(0,pos1);

            s = (s.Substring(pos1)).Trim();

            return retString;

       }

    }

}

 

2.取ftp登陆身份验证完成后的欢迎信息

关键知识说明:

a.FtpWebResponse.WelcomeMessage属性获取身份验证完成时FTP服务器发送的消息

实例代码:

获取ftp://218.16.229.120/
登陆身份验证完成后的欢迎信息

Uri uri = new Uri ( "ftp://218.16.229.120/
" );

FtpWebRequest listRequest = ( FtpWebRequest ) WebRequest.Create ( uri );

listRequest.Method = WebRequestMethods.Ftp.ListDirectoryDetails;

string ftpUser = "";

string ftpPassWord = "";

listRequest.Credentials = new NetworkCredential ( ftpUser , ftpPassWord );

FtpWebResponse listResponse = ( FtpWebResponse ) listRequest.GetResponse ( );

MessageBox.Show ( listResponse.WelcomeMessage );

附加说明:要是FTP服务器的欢迎信息带有中文,运行这段代码时可能会发生异常(基础连接已经关闭: 服务器提交了协议).

解决办法:打补丁Microsoft .NET Framework 2.0 Service Pack 1

 

3.重命名目录

关键知识说明:

a.WebRequestMethods.Ftp.Rename表示重命名目录的FTP协议方法

b.FtpWebRequest.RenameTo属性重命名的新名称

实例代码:

ftp://218.16.229.120/
上的a目录重命名为av

Uri uri = new Uri ( "ftp://218.16.229.120/a
" );

FtpWebRequest listRequest = ( FtpWebRequest ) WebRequest.Create ( uri );

listRequest.Method = WebRequestMethods.Ftp.Rename;

string ftpUser = "";

string ftpPassWord = "";

listRequest.Credentials = new NetworkCredential ( ftpUser , ftpPassWord );

listRequest.RenameTo = "av";

FtpWebResponse listResponse = ( FtpWebResponse ) listRequest.GetResponse ( );

MessageBox.Show ( listResponse.StatusDescription );

 

4.删除目录

关键知识说明:

a.WebRequestMethods.Ftp.RemoveDirectory表示移除目录的FTP协议方法

实例代码:

删除ftp://218.16.229.120/
上的av文件夹

Uri uri = new Uri ( "ftp://218.16.229.120/av
" );

FtpWebRequest listRequest = ( FtpWebRequest ) WebRequest.Create ( uri );

listRequest.Method = WebRequestMethods.Ftp.RemoveDirectory;

string ftpUser = "";

string ftpPassWord = "";

listRequest.Credentials = new NetworkCredential ( ftpUser , ftpPassWord );

FtpWebResponse listResponse = ( FtpWebResponse ) listRequest.GetResponse ( );    

MessageBox.Show ( listResponse.StatusDescription );

 

5.新建目录

关键知识说明:

a.WebRequestMethods.Ftp.MakeDirectory表示在FTP服务器上创建目录的协议方法

实例代码:

ftp://218.16.229.120/
上建立目录vb

Uri uri = new Uri ( "ftp://218.16.229.120/vb
" );

FtpWebRequest listRequest = ( FtpWebRequest ) WebRequest.Create ( uri );

listRequest.Method = WebRequestMethods.Ftp.MakeDirectory;

string ftpUser = "";

string ftpPassWord = "";

listRequest.Credentials = new NetworkCredential ( ftpUser , ftpPassWord );

FtpWebResponse listResponse = ( FtpWebResponse ) listRequest.GetResponse ( );

MessageBox.Show ( listResponse.StatusDescription );

 

6.得文件大小

关键知识说明:

a.WebRequestMethods.Ftp.GetFileSize表示要用于检索FTP服务器上的文件大小

b.流数据的长度可以从FtpWebResponse.ContentLength属性中获取。

实例代码:

获取ftp://218.16.229.120/
上的会议记录.doc文件大小

Uri uri = new Uri ( "ftp://218.16.229.120/
会议记录.doc" );

FtpWebRequest listRequest = ( FtpWebRequest ) WebRequest.Create ( uri );

listRequest.Method = WebRequestMethods.Ftp.GetFileSize;

string ftpUser = "";

string ftpPassWord = "";

listRequest.Credentials = new NetworkCredential ( ftpUser , ftpPassWord );

FtpWebResponse listResponse = ( FtpWebResponse ) listRequest.GetResponse ( );

MessageBox.Show ( string.Format ( "文件大小: {0}" , listResponse.ContentLength ) );

 

7.删除文件

关键知识说明:

a.WebRequestMethods.Ftp.DeleteFile表示要用于删除FTP服务器上的文件

实例代码:

删除ftp://218.16.229.120/
上的工作安排.txt文件

Uri uri = new Uri ( "ftp://218.16.229.120/
工作安排.txt" );

FtpWebRequest listRequest = ( FtpWebRequest ) WebRequest.Create ( uri );

listRequest.Method = WebRequestMethods.Ftp.DeleteFile;

string ftpUser = "";

string ftpPassWord = "";

listRequest.Credentials = new NetworkCredential ( ftpUser , ftpPassWord );

FtpWebResponse listResponse = ( FtpWebResponse ) listRequest.GetResponse ( );

MessageBox.Show ( string.Format ( "Delete status: {0}" , listResponse.StatusDescription ) );

 

8.上传文件

关键知识说明:

a.WebRequestMethods.Ftp.UploadFile表示将文件上载到FTP服务器

b.使用FtpWebRequest对象向服务器上载文件,则必须将文件内容写入请求流,请求流是通过调用FtpWebRequest.GetRequestStream方法.如果未将属性设置为UploadFile,则不能获取流。

c.异步对应方法(FtpWebRequest.BeginGetRequestStream方法和FtpWebRequest.EndGetRequestStream 方法),关于异步上传的实现我会再写在下篇总汇中

实例代码:

上载文件D:/abc.txt到ftp://218.16.229.120/


Stream requestStream = null;

FileStream fileStream = null;

FtpWebResponse uploadResponse = null;

try

{

    Uri uri = new Uri ( "ftp://218.16.229.120/abc.txt
" );

    FtpWebRequest uploadRequest = ( FtpWebRequest ) WebRequest.Create ( uri );

    uploadRequest.Method = WebRequestMethods.Ftp.UploadFile;

    string ftpUser = "";

    string ftpPassWord = "";

    uploadRequest.Credentials = new NetworkCredential ( ftpUser , ftpPassWord );

    requestStream = uploadRequest.GetRequestStream ( );

    fileStream = File.Open ( @"D:/abc.txt" , FileMode.Open );

    byte [ ] buffer = new byte [ 1024 ];

    int bytesRead;

    while ( true )

    {

        bytesRead = fileStream.Read ( buffer , 0 , buffer.Length );

        if ( bytesRead == 0 )

            break;

        requestStream.Write ( buffer , 0 , bytesRead );

    }

    requestStream.Close ( );

    uploadResponse = ( FtpWebResponse ) uploadRequest.GetResponse ( );

    MessageBox.Show ( "Upload complete." );

}

finally

{

    if ( uploadResponse != null )

        uploadResponse.Close ( );

    if ( fileStream != null )

        fileStream.Close ( );

    if ( requestStream != null )

        requestStream.Close ( );

}

其实利用WebClient.UploadData方法,还有一种更简单的上传方法:

WebClient request = new WebClient ( );

string ftpUser = "";

string ftpPassWord = "";

request.Credentials = new NetworkCredential ( ftpUser , ftpPassWord );

FileStream myStream = new FileStream ( @"D:/abcd.txt" , FileMode.Open , FileAccess.Read );

byte [ ] dataByte = new byte [ myStream.Length ];

myStream.Read ( dataByte , 0 , dataByte.Length );  //写到2进制数组中

myStream.Close ( );

request.UploadData ( "ftp://218.16.229.120/abcd.txt
" , dataByte );

 

9.下载文件

关键知识说明:

a.WebRequestMethods.Ftp.DownloadFile表示要用于从FTP服务器下载文件

b.从FTP服务器下载文件时,如果命令成功,所请求的文件的内容即在响应对象的流中。通过调用FtpWebResponse.GetResponseStream方法,可以访问此流。

实例代码:

ftp://218.16.229.120/
上下载文件保存到d:/abc.txt

Stream responseStream = null;

FileStream fileStream = null;

StreamReader reader = null;

try

{

    string downloadUrl = "ftp://218.16.229.120/abc.txt
";

    FtpWebRequest downloadRequest = ( FtpWebRequest ) WebRequest.Create ( downloadUrl );

    downloadRequest.Method = WebRequestMethods.Ftp.DownloadFile;

    string ftpUser = "";

    string ftpPassWord = "";

    downloadRequest.Credentials = new NetworkCredential ( ftpUser , ftpPassWord );

    FtpWebResponse downloadResponse = ( FtpWebResponse ) downloadRequest.GetResponse ( );

    responseStream = downloadResponse.GetResponseStream ( );

    fileStream = File.Create ( @"d:/" + "abc.txt" );

    byte [ ] buffer = new byte [ 1024 ];

    int bytesRead;

    while ( true )

    {

        bytesRead = responseStream.Read ( buffer , 0 , buffer.Length );

        if ( bytesRead == 0 )

            break;

        fileStream.Write ( buffer , 0 , bytesRead );

    }

   

    MessageBox.Show ( "Download complete" );

}

finally

{

    if ( reader != null )

    {

        reader.Close ( );

    }

    else

    {

        if ( responseStream != null )

        {

            responseStream.Close ( );

        }

        if ( fileStream != null )

        {

            fileStream.Close ( );

        }

    }

}

其实利用WebClient.DownloadData方法,还有一种更简单的下载方法:

Uri uri = new Uri ( "ftp://218.16.229.120/abc.txt
" );

WebClient request = new WebClient ( );

string ftpUser = "";

string ftpPassWord = "";

request.Credentials = new NetworkCredential ( ftpUser , ftpPassWord );

byte [ ] newFileData = request.DownloadData ( uri.ToString ( ) );

FileStream fs = new FileStream ( @"d:/abc.txt" , FileMode.OpenOrCreate , FileAccess.Write );

fs.Write ( newFileData , 0 , newFileData.Length );

fs.Close ( );

 

10.2个ftp间传送文件

关键知识说明:

a.在搞懂前面所说下载和上传知识后,其实很好实现2个ftp间传送文件.我们可以把传送文件看成是先下载后上传.把下载的文件响应流数据写到上传文件请求流中即可.

实例代码:

ftp://218.58.58.19/
中"集团公司通知"目录中的"080124-成本费用科目调整通知.pdf"文件传送到ftp://218.16.229.120/

string downloadUrl = "ftp://218.58.58.19/
集团公司通知/080124-成本费用科目调整通知.pdf";

FtpWebRequest downloadRequest = ( FtpWebRequest ) WebRequest.Create ( downloadUrl );

downloadRequest.Method = WebRequestMethods.Ftp.DownloadFile;

string ftpUser = "download";

string ftpPassWord = "download";

downloadRequest.Credentials = new NetworkCredential ( ftpUser , ftpPassWord );

string uploadUrl = "ftp://218.16.229.120/080124
-成本费用科目调整通知.pdf";

FtpWebRequest uploadRequest = ( FtpWebRequest ) WebRequest.Create ( uploadUrl );

uploadRequest.Method = WebRequestMethods.Ftp.UploadFile;

string ftpUser1 = "exwangsoft";

string ftpPassWord1 = "exwangsoft";

uploadRequest.Credentials = new NetworkCredential ( ftpUser1 , ftpPassWord1 );

FtpWebResponse downloadResponse = ( FtpWebResponse ) downloadRequest.GetResponse ( );

Stream responseStream = downloadResponse.GetResponseStream ( );

Stream fileStream = uploadRequest.GetRequestStream ( );

byte [ ] buffer = new byte [ 1024 ];

int bytesRead;

while ( true )

{

    //读取ftp://218.58.58.19/
的响应流数据

    bytesRead = responseStream.Read ( buffer , 0 , buffer.Length );

    if ( bytesRead == 0 )

        break;

    //写到ftp://218.16.229.120/
的请求流数据中

    fileStream.Write ( buffer , 0 , bytesRead );

}

fileStream.Close ( );

FtpWebResponse uploadResponse = null;

uploadResponse = ( FtpWebResponse ) uploadRequest.GetResponse ( );

MessageBox.Show ( "complete" );
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