【转】常用mysql操作命令

Administration 管理
Kill a Thread 结束一个线程
mysql > KILL 999;

Optimize Table 优化表
mysql > OPTIMEZE TABLE foo;

Reload Users Permissions 刷新MySQL系统权限相关表
mysql > FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

Repair Table 修复表
mysql > REPAIR TABLE foo;

Reset the Query Cache 清除查询缓存区中的所有的内容
mysql > RESET QUERY CACHE;

See Which Threads are Running 显示哪些线程正在运行
mysql > SHOW FULL PROCESSLIST;

Backup & Restore
Backup Database to a SQL File 备份数据库
#mysqldump --user admin -- password=password mydatabase > database.sql

Restore Database from SQL File 还原数据库
#mysql < database.sql

Data Definition 数据库描述
Add a Column to a Table
mysql > ALTER TABLE table1 ADD COLUMN newcol TEXT;

Browse Database
mysql > USE dbname;
mysql > SHOW TABLES;

Create Database
mysql > CREATE DATABASE dbname;

Create Table
mysql > CREATE TABLE table (field1 type1, field2 type2, ...)

Drop Database
mysql > DROP DATABASE dbanme;

Remove a Column from a table
mysql > ALTER TABLE table1 DROP COLUMN oldcol;

Rename a Table
mysql > ALTER TABLE table1 RENAME TO newtable2;

Data Manipulation 数据操作
Delete Row from Table
mysql > DELETE FROM table1 WHERE id = 100;

Insert Row to Table
mysql > INSERT INTO table1(field1, field2, ...) VALUES(value1,value2,...);

Update Row in Table
mysql > UPDATE table1 SET field1 = new_value1 WHERE id = 100;

Emergency Maintenance 常规操作
Find the error log
#tail -f /var/lib/mysqlserver.domain.co.il.err

Recover root Password
Stop MySQL service
#/etc/init.d/mysql stop

Start to MySQL server w/o password
#mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &

Connect to mysql
#mysql -u root

Setup new MySQL root user password
mysql > use mysql;
mysql > update user set password =PASSWORD("NEW-ROOT-PASSWORD") where User = 'root';
mysql > flush privileges;
mysql > quit

Stop MySQL Server
#/etc/init.d/mysql stop

Start MySQL Server
#/etc/init.d/mysql start

Repair Tables After Unclean Shutdown
#mysqlcheck --all-databases

Security 安全
Disable Remote Access
#/etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
skip-networking
Restart MySQL

Prevent Local File Reading
[mysqld]
set-variable=local-infile=0
Restart MySQL

Remove Anonymous Accounts
#/usr/bin/mysql -u root
mysql > DROP USER '';

Remove Default Users/Databases
#/usr/bin/mysql -u root
mysql > DROP DATABASE test;
mysql > DELETE FROM user WHERE user LIKE 'root' AND host NOT LIKE 'localhost';
mysql > flush privileges;

Set The Root Password
#/usr/bin/mysql -u root;
mysql > SET PASSWORD FOR root@localhost = PASSWORD('new_password');

Starting & Stopping 启/停
Find MySQL Server Status
#mysqladmin -p status

Restart MySQL
#/sbin/service mysqld start
/sbin/service mysqld stop
/sbin/service mysqld restart

User Accounts 账户操作
Add a User
mysql > GREATE USER 'monty'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'some_pass';
mysql > GREATE ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'monty'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION;

Change a User Password
mysql > SET PASSWORD FOR 'john'@'localhost' = PASSWORD('passwordhere');

Delete a User
mysql > DROP USER username;

Limit User Resources
mysql > GRANT ALL ON customer.* TO 'francis'@'localhost' WITH
MAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR 20
MAX_UPDATES_PER_HOUR 10
MAX_CONNECTIONS_PER_HOUR 5
MAX_USER_CONNECTIONS 2;