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怎样用SQL语句判断一个数据表中至少N项不为空???

2010-01-13 17:31 295 查看
前两天一个学姐问我个SQL语句的问题,现在把解决方案贴出来,也算总结一下吧。

她的问题是:“一个表中有15个字段,用SQL语句判断其中5项或以上不为空,怎么判断,很急……”。

当时我很忙,没多看,呵呵,不够意思啦。但我请同事帮她写了个,以解燃眉之急,在此也谢谢小米。

今天再把QQ聊天记录翻出来,用本地数据库数据表试验了下, 有点问题,于是自己修改。

【详细情况,请参考SQL Server 联机丛书:索引“CASE‘;

ms-help://MS.SQLCC.v10/MS.SQLSVR.v10.zh-CHS/s10de_6tsql/html/658039ec-8dc2-4251-bc82-30ea23708cee.htm】



select distinct (case bulletinId when bulletinId then 1 else 0 end) +

(case title when title then 1 else 0 end) +

(case body when body then 1 else 0 end) +

(case bulletinType when bulletinType then 1 else 0 end) +

(case bulletinState when bulletinState then 1 else 0 end) +

(case companyId when companyId then 1 else 0 end) +

(case userId when userId then 1 else 0 end) +

(case createtime when createtime then 1 else 0 end) as '不为空字段数' from bulletin





当数据表bulletin中至少有一条记录时,也可以采取下面的方法。



1、简单 CASE 函数

select * from bulletin where

(case bulletinId when bulletinId then 1 else 0 end) +

(case title when title then 1 else 0 end) +

(case body when body then 1 else 0 end) +

(case bulletinType when bulletinType then 1 else 0 end) +

(case bulletinState when bulletinState then 1 else 0 end) +

(case companyId when companyId then 1 else 0 end) +

(case userId when userId then 1 else 0 end) +

(case createtime when createtime then 1 else 0 end) >= 5



2、CASE 搜索函数

select * from bulletin where

(case when bulletinId is not null or bulletinId!='' then 1 else 0 end) +

(case when title is not null or title!='' then 1 else 0 end) +

(case when body is not null or body!='' then 1 else 0 end) +

(case when bulletinType is not null or bulletinType!='' then 1 else 0 end) +

(case when bulletinState is not null or bulletinState!='' then 1 else 0 end) +

(case when companyId is not null or companyId!='' then 1 else 0 end) +

(case when userId is not null or userid!='' then 1 else 0 end) +

(case when createtime is not null or createtime!='' then 1 else 0 end) >= 5





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另外,把 SQL帮助文档 的中文参考部分也贴出来。以方便英文不好的朋友,谢谢 kgdiwss:的BLOG: “sql中CASE的用法”



CASE

计算条件列表并返回多个可能结果表达式之一。

CASE 具有两种格式:

简单 CASE 函数将某个表达式与一组简单表达式进行比较以确定结果。

CASE 搜索函数计算一组布尔表达式以确定结果。

两种格式都支持可选的 ELSE 参数。

语法

简单 CASE 函数:

CASE input_expression

WHEN when_expression THEN
result_expression

[ ...n ]

[

ELSE
else_result_expression

END

CASE 搜索函数:

CASE

WHEN Boolean_expression THEN result_expression

[ ...n
]

[

ELSE else_result_expression

END

参数

input_expression

是使用简单 CASE 格式时所计算的表达式。Input_expression 是任何有效的 Microsoft® SQL Server™ 表达式。

WHEN when_expression

使用简单 CASE 格式时 input_expression 所比较的简单表达式。When_expression 是任意有效的 SQL Server
表达式。Input_expression 和每个 when_expression 的数据类型必须相同,或者是隐性转换。

n

占位符,表明可以使用多个 WHEN when_expression THEN result_expression 子句或 WHEN
Boolean_expression THEN result_expression 子句。

THEN result_expression

当 input_expression = when_expression 取值为 TRUE,或者 Boolean_expression 取值为 TRUE
时返回的表达式。result expression 是任意有效的 SQL Server 表达式。

ELSE else_result_expression

当比较运算取值不为 TRUE 时返回的表达式。如果省略此参数并且比较运算取值不为 TRUE,CASE 将返回 NULL
值。Else_result_expression 是任意有效的 SQL Server 表达式。Else_result_expression 和所有
result_expression 的数据类型必须相同,或者必须是隐性转换。

WHEN Boolean_expression

使用 CASE 搜索格式时所计算的布尔表达式。Boolean_expression 是任意有效的布尔表达式。

结果类型

从 result_expressions 和可选 else_result_expression
的类型集合中返回最高的优先规则类型。有关更多信息,请参见数据类型的优先顺序。

结果值

简单 CASE 函数:

计算 input_expression,然后按指定顺序对每个 WHEN 子句的
input_expression = when_expression 进行计算。

返回第一个取值为 TRUE 的 (input_expression = when_expression) 的 result_expression。

如果没有取值为 TRUE 的 input_expression = when_expression,则当指定 ELSE 子句时 SQL
Server 将返回 else_result_expression;若没有指定 ELSE 子句,则返回 NULL 值。

CASE
搜索函数:

按指定顺序为每个 WHEN 子句的 Boolean_expression 求值。

返回第一个取值为 TRUE 的 Boolean_expression 的 result_expression。

如果没有取值为 TRUE 的 Boolean_expression,则当指定 ELSE 子句时 SQL Server 将返回
else_result_expression;若没有指定 ELSE 子句,则返回 NULL 值。

示例

A. 使用带有简单 CASE 函数的
SELECT 语句

在 SELECT 语句中,简单 CASE 函数仅检查是否相等,而不进行其它比较。下面的示例使用 CASE
函数更改图书分类显示,以使其更易于理解。

USE pubs

GO

SELECT Category =

CASE type

WHEN
'popular_comp' THEN 'Popular Computing'

WHEN 'mod_cook' THEN 'Modern
Cooking'

WHEN 'business' THEN 'Business'

WHEN
'psychology' THEN 'Psychology'

WHEN 'trad_cook' THEN 'Traditional
Cooking'

ELSE 'Not yet categorized'

END,

CAST(title
AS varchar(25)) AS 'Shortened Title',

price AS Price

FROM
titles

WHERE price IS NOT NULL

ORDER BY type, price

COMPUTE ***G(price)
BY type

GO

下面是结果集:

Category Shortened Title Price

------------------- ------------------------- --------------------------

Business You Can Combat Computer S 2.99

Business Cooking with Computers: S 11.95

Business The Busy Executive's Data 19.99

Business Straight Talk About Compu 19.99


avg


==========================


13.73

Category Shortened Title Price

------------------- ------------------------- --------------------------

Modern Cooking The Gourmet Microwave 2.99

Modern Cooking Silicon Valley Gastronomi 19.99


avg


==========================


11.49

Category Shortened Title Price

------------------- ------------------------- --------------------------

Popular Computing Secrets of Silicon Valley 20.00

Popular Computing But Is It User Friendly? 22.95


avg


==========================


21.48

Category Shortened Title Price

------------------- ------------------------- --------------------------

Psychology Life Without Fear 7.00

Psychology Emotional Security: A New 7.99

Psychology Is Anger the Enemy? 10.95

Psychology Prolonged Data Deprivatio 19.99

Psychology Computer Phobic AND Non-P 21.59


avg


==========================


13.50

Category Shortened Title Price

------------------- ------------------------- --------------------------

Traditional Cooking Fifty Years in Buckingham 11.95

Traditional Cooking Sushi, Anyone? 14.99

Traditional Cooking Onions, Leeks, and Garlic 20.95


avg


==========================


15.96

(21 row(s) affected)

B. 使用带有简单 CASE 函数和 CASE 搜索函数的 SELECT 语句

在 SELECT 语句中,CASE
搜索函数允许根据比较值在结果集内对值进行替换。下面的示例根据图书的价格范围将价格(money 列)显示为文本注释。

USE pubs

GO

SELECT 'Price Category' =

CASE


WHEN price IS NULL THEN 'Not yet priced'

WHEN price < 10 THEN
'Very Reasonable Title'

WHEN price >= 10 and price < 20 THEN
'Coffee Table Title'

ELSE 'Expensive book!'

END,


CAST(title AS varchar(20)) AS 'Shortened Title'

FROM titles

ORDER BY
price

GO

下面是结果集:

Price Category Shortened Title

---------------------
--------------------

Not yet priced Net Etiquette

Not yet
priced The Psychology of Co

Very Reasonable Title The Gourmet
Microwav

Very Reasonable Title You Can Combat Compu

Very Reasonable
Title Life Without Fear

Very Reasonable Title Emotional Security:

Coffee Table Title Is Anger the Enemy?

Coffee Table Title Cooking
with Compute

Coffee Table Title Fifty Years in Bucki

Coffee Table
Title Sushi, Anyone?

Coffee Table Title Prolonged Data Depri

Coffee Table Title Silicon Valley Gastr

Coffee Table Title
Straight Talk About

Coffee Table Title The Busy Executive's

Expensive book! Secrets of Silicon V

Expensive book! Onions,
Leeks, and G

Expensive book! Computer Phobic And

Expensive
book! But Is It User Frien

(18 row(s) affected)

C. 使用带有 SUBSTRING 和 SELECT 的 CASE 函数

下面的示例使用 CASE 和 THEN
生成一个有关作者、图书标识号和每个作者所著图书类型的列表。

USE pubs

SELECT SUBSTRING((RTRIM(a.au_fname) + ' '+


RTRIM(a.au_lname) + ' '), 1, 25) AS Name, a.au_id, ta.title_id,

Type =

CASE

WHEN SUBSTRING(ta.title_id, 1, 2) = 'BU' THEN
'Business'

WHEN SUBSTRING(ta.title_id, 1, 2) = 'MC' THEN 'Modern
Cooking'

WHEN SUBSTRING(ta.title_id, 1, 2) = 'PC' THEN 'Popular
Computing'

WHEN SUBSTRING(ta.title_id, 1, 2) = 'PS' THEN
'Psychology'

WHEN SUBSTRING(ta.title_id, 1, 2) = 'TC' THEN 'Traditional
Cooking'

END

FROM titleauthor ta JOIN authors a ON ta.au_id =
a.au_id

下面是结果集:

Name au_id title_id Type

------------------------- ----------- -------- -------------------

Johnson White 172-32-1176 PS3333 Psychology

Marjorie Green 213-46-8915 BU1032 Business

Marjorie Green 213-46-8915 BU2075 Business

Cheryl Carson 238-95-7766 PC1035 Popular Computing

Michael O'Leary 267-41-2394 BU1111 Business

Michael O'Leary 267-41-2394 TC7777 Traditional Cooking

Dean
Straight 274-80-9391 BU7832 Business

Abraham
Bennet 409-56-7008 BU1032 Business

Ann
Dull 427-17-2319 PC8888 Popular Computing

Burt
Gringlesby 472-27-2349 TC7777 Traditional Cooking

Charlene
Locksley 486-29-1786 PC9999 Popular Computing

Charlene
Locksley 486-29-1786 PS7777 Psychology

Reginald
Blotchet-Halls 648-92-1872 TC4203 Traditional Cooking

Akiko
Yokomoto 672-71-3249 TC7777 Traditional Cooking

Innes del
Castillo 712-45-1867 MC2222 Modern Cooking

Michel
DeFrance 722-51-5454 MC3021 Modern Cooking

Stearns
MacFeather 724-80-9391 BU1111 Business

Stearns
MacFeather 724-80-9391 PS1372 Psychology

Livia
Karsen 756-30-7391 PS1372 Psychology

Sylvia
Panteley 807-91-6654 TC3218 Traditional Cooking

Sheryl
Hunter 846-92-7186 PC8888 Popular Computing

Anne
Ringer 899-46-2035 MC3021 Modern Cooking

Anne
Ringer 899-46-2035 PS2091 Psychology

Albert
Ringer 998-72-3567 PS2091 Psychology

Albert
Ringer 998-72-3567 PS2106 Psychology

(25 row(s) affected)
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