SQL server 2005 切换分区表

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SQL server 2005 切换分区表

在日常工作中经常需要用到分区表切换的问题，笔者在此列出几种常见的分区表切换的问题，供参考。

一、分区表的切换无外乎以下三种形式：

1.将一个分区中的数据切换成单个表。

2.将表作为分区切换到已分区的表中。

3.将分区从一个已分区表切换到另一个已分区表。

二、切换分区表的主要手段：

ALTER TABLE Table_name SWITCH

[ PARTITION source_partition_number_expression ]

TO [ schema_name. ] target_table [ PARTITION target_ partition_number_expression ]

三、切换分区时的注意事项：

1.源表为已分区的表，必须创建所需的目标表，目标表可以为单个表(用于分区切换到单个表)，也可以为已分区的表(用于分区表之间的切换)。

2.源表和目标表必须位于同一文件组，具有相同的表结构，且它们的大型值列也必须存储于同一文件组,任何对应的索引或索引分区也必须位于同一文件组。

3.无论目标表是已分区表还是普通表，目标表必须为空。

4.对目标表定义了任何 CHECK 约束，则对源表也需要定义这些约束

传输分区时，能够实现数据的快速切换，因为它并没有物理上移动数据，只是更改了有关数据存储位置的元数据。故在执行 SWITCH 操作之前，从中移出该分区的表（源表）以及接收该分区的表（目标表）都必须存在于数据库中。

四、以下演示切换分区使用的数据库和表，使用SQL server 2005自带的数据库AdventureWorks中的Sales.SalesOrderHeader表来创建分区，考虑到该表太多的参照和约束关系，采取应用该表的数据来生成一张新表dbo.Orders，再将dbo.Orders转换为分区表，关于普通表转换为分区表请参照:实验三：SQL server 2005基于已存在的表创建分区
。 */

USE AdventureWorks

GO

CREATE PARTITION FUNCTION Part_func_orders(DATETIME) AS

RANGE RIGHT

FOR VALUES('20020101 00:00:00.000',

'20030101 00:00:00.000',

'20040101 00:00:00.000');

GO

----------------------------------------------------------------

ALTER DATABASE AdventureWorks

ADD FILEGROUP [FG1];

GO

ALTER DATABASE AdventureWorks

ADD FILEGROUP [FG2];

GO

ALTER DATABASE AdventureWorks

ADD FILEGROUP [FG3];

GO

ALTER DATABASE AdventureWorks

ADD FILE

(NAME = FG1_data,FILENAME = 'C:/Program Files/Microsoft SQL Server/MSSQL.1/MSSQL/Data/FG1_data.ndf',SIZE = 3MB)

TO FILEGROUP [FG1];

ALTER DATABASE AdventureWorks

ADD FILE

(NAME = FG2_data,FILENAME = 'C:/Program Files/Microsoft SQL Server/MSSQL.1/MSSQL/Data/FG2_data.ndf',SIZE = 3MB)

TO FILEGROUP [FG2];

ALTER DATABASE AdventureWorks

ADD FILE

(NAME = FG3_data,FILENAME = 'C:/Program Files/Microsoft SQL Server/MSSQL.1/MSSQL/Data/FG3_data.ndf',SIZE = 3MB)

TO FILEGROUP [FG3];

GO

-------------------------------------------------------------------

CREATE PARTITION SCHEME Part_func_orders_scheme

AS PARTITION Part_func_orders

TO ([FG1],[FG2],[FG3],[Primary]);

GO

--------------------------------------------------------------------

IF OBJECT_ID('dbo.Orders') IS NOT NULL

DROP TABLE dbo.Orders;

GO

CREATE TABLE dbo.Orders

(

SalesOrderID INT NOT NULL,

SalesPersonID INT ,

CustomerID INT NOT NULL,

SalesOrderNumber NVARCHAR(25) NOT NULL,

Orderdate DATETIME NOT NULL,

Shipdate DATETIME

)ON Part_func_orders_scheme(Orderdate);

GO

ALTER TABLE dbo.Orders

ADD CONSTRAINT PK_Orders PRIMARY KEY NONCLUSTERED(SalesOrderID,Customerid,Orderdate),

CONSTRAINT FK_Orders_Customer_CustomerID FOREIGN KEY(CustomerID) REFERENCES Sales.Customer(Customerid),

CONSTRAINT FK_Orders_SalesPerson_SalesPersonID FOREIGN KEY(SalesPersonID) REFERENCES Sales.SalesPerson(SalesPersonID);

GO

CREATE CLUSTERED INDEX Idx_Orderdate ON dbo.Orders(Orderdate);

GO

-------------------------------------------------------------------

INSERT INTO dbo.Orders

SELECT SalesOrderID,SalesPersonID,CustomerID,SalesOrderNumber,Orderdate,Shipdate

FROM Sales.SalesOrderHeader

-------------------------------------------------------------------

--查看各分区所包含的记录数

SELECT $PARTITION.Part_func_orders(orderdate) as partition_num,

MIN(orderdate) AS start_time,Max(orderdate) AS end_time,count(*) as count_num

FROM dbo.Orders

GROUP BY $PARTITION.Part_func_orders(orderdate)

ORDER BY $PARTITION.Part_func_orders(orderdate);

GO

--四、以下实现对分区的切换操作。

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--将一个分区中的数据切换成单个表

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

USE [AdventureWorks]

GO

/****** Object: Table [dbo].[Orders_2004] Script Date: 11/10/2009 13:55:07 ******/

SET ANSI_NULLS ON

GO

SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON

GO

IF OBJECT_ID('dbo.orders_2004') IS NOT NULL

DROP TABLE dbo.orders_2004;

GO

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Orders_2004](

[SalesOrderID] [int] NOT NULL,

[SalesPersonID] [int] NULL,

[CustomerID] [int] NOT NULL,

[SalesOrderNumber] [nvarchar](25) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NOT NULL,

[Orderdate] [datetime] NOT NULL,

[Shipdate] [datetime] NULL,

CONSTRAINT [PK_Orders_2004] PRIMARY KEY NONCLUSTERED

(

[SalesOrderID] ASC,

[CustomerID] ASC,

[Orderdate] ASC

)WITH (IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF)

);

GO

ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Orders_2004] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [FK_Orders_Customer_CustomerID_2004] FOREIGN KEY([CustomerID])

REFERENCES [Sales].[Customer] ([CustomerID]);

GO

ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Orders_2004] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [FK_Orders_SalesPerson_SalesPersonID_2004] FOREIGN KEY([SalesPersonID])

REFERENCES [Sales].[SalesPerson] ([SalesPersonID]);

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CREATE CLUSTERED INDEX Idx_Orderdate_2004 ON dbo.Orders_2004(Orderdate ASC);--创建与源表相同的索引键，否则报错

GO

ALTER TABLE dbo.Orders SWITCH PARTITION 4 TO dbo.Orders_2004; --切换分区到表

GO

SELECT * FROM dbo.Orders_2004 --查看刚刚切换过来的数据

SELECT * FROM dbo.orders WHERE $PARTITION.Part_func_orders(orderdate) = 4 --4号分区中已经没有数据了

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--将表作为分区切换到已分区的表中

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ALTER TABLE dbo.Orders_2004 --目标表定义了边界条件，需增加Check 约束

ADD CONSTRAINT CK_Orderdate

CHECK (Orderdate >= '20040101' AND Orderdate < '20050101');

GO

ALTER TABLE dbo.Orders_2004 SWITCH TO dbo.Orders PARTITION 4;

GO

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--将分区从一个已分区表切换到另一个已分区表

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

USE AdventureWorks

GO

CREATE PARTITION FUNCTION Part_func_orders_Archive(DATETIME) AS

RANGE RIGHT

FOR VALUES('20020101 00:00:00.000',

'20030101 00:00:00.000',

'20040101 00:00:00.000');

GO

CREATE PARTITION SCHEME Part_func_orders_Scehme_Archive

AS PARTITION Part_func_orders_Archive

TO ([FG1],[FG2],[FG3],[Primary]);

GO

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

IF OBJECT_ID('dbo.Orders_Archive') IS NOT NULL

DROP TABLE dbo.Orders_Archive;

GO

CREATE TABLE dbo.Orders_Archive

(

SalesOrderID INT NOT NULL,

SalesPersonID INT ,

CustomerID INT NOT NULL,

SalesOrderNumber NVARCHAR(25) NOT NULL,

Orderdate DATETIME NOT NULL,

Shipdate DATETIME

)ON Part_func_orders_Scehme_Archive(Orderdate);

GO

ALTER TABLE dbo.Orders_Archive

ADD CONSTRAINT PK_Orders_Archive PRIMARY KEY NONCLUSTERED(SalesOrderID,Customerid,Orderdate),

CONSTRAINT FK_Orders_Customer_CustomerID_Archive FOREIGN KEY(CustomerID) REFERENCES Sales.Customer(Customerid),

CONSTRAINT FK_Orders_SalesPerson_SalesPersonID_Archive FOREIGN KEY(SalesPersonID) REFERENCES Sales.SalesPerson(SalesPersonID);

GO

CREATE CLUSTERED INDEX Idx_Orderdate_Archive ON dbo.Orders_Archive(Orderdate);

GO

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ALTER TABLE dbo.Orders SWITCH PARTITION 1 TO dbo.Orders_Archive PARTITION 1;

GO

ALTER TABLE dbo.Orders SWITCH PARTITION 2 TO dbo.Orders_Archive PARTITION 2;

GO

ALTER TABLE dbo.Orders SWITCH PARTITION 4 TO dbo.Orders_Archive PARTITION 4;

GO

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

--查看切换后的结果

SELECT $PARTITION.Part_func_orders_Archive(Orderdate) AS Partition_num,

MIN(Orderdate),MAX(Orderdate),COUNT(*)

FROM dbo.Orders_Archive

GROUP BY $PARTITION.Part_func_orders_Archive(Orderdate)

ORDER BY $PARTITION.Part_func_orders_Archive(Orderdate);

--更多，请参阅：http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/ms345146(SQL.90).aspx