struts2 学习笔记一 第一个struts2程序

最近准备开始学习struts2，所以百度上找了个简单例子，想先感受一下struts2编程。

http://student.csdn.net/space.php?uid=44933&do=blog&id=14087，

上面网址就是我学习的第一个例子，感觉不错，讲的浅显易懂，并且有穿插struts1的知识。但根据示例一步一步下来，遇到几个问题，怎么也调试不通过。于是又百度，但没有满意的答案，费了九牛二虎之力才终于成功运行。下面是我的一些总结。

一：示例中只是让导入以下五个包：

struts2-core-2.0.11.1.jar

xwork-2.0.4.jar

commons-logging-1.0.4.jar

freemarker-2.3.8.jar

ognl-2.6.11.jar

其实还要导入commons-fileupload-1.2.1.jar包，

否则浏览器会提示出现以下错误：

HTTP Status 404 -

type Status report

message

description The requested resource () is not available.

tomcat容器会提示出现以下错误：

严重: Exception starting filter struts2
Unable to load configuration. - bean - jar:file:/D:/software/apache-tomcat-6.0.20/webapps/struts2/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core-2.1.8.jar!/struts-default.xml:47:178
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:431)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher.init(FilterDispatcher.java:190)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.getFilter(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:275)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.setFilterDef(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:397)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterConfig.<init>(ApplicationFilterConfig.java:108)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.filterStart(StandardContext.java:3800)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.start(StandardContext.java:4450)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:791)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:771)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:526)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory(HostConfig.java:987)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectories(HostConfig.java:909)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployApps(HostConfig.java:495)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.start(HostConfig.java:1206)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.lifecycleEvent(HostConfig.java:314)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:119)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1053)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.start(StandardHost.java:722)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1045)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.start(StandardEngine.java:443)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.start(StandardService.java:516)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start(StandardServer.java:710)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:583)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:288)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:413)
Caused by: Unable to load configuration. - bean - jar:file:/D:/software/apache-tomcat-6.0.20/webapps/struts2/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core-2.1.8.jar!/struts-default.xml:47:178
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:58)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init_PreloadConfiguration(Dispatcher.java:374)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.init(Dispatcher.java:418)
... 28 more
Caused by: Unable to load bean: type:org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.multipart.MultiPartRequest class:org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.multipart.JakartaMultiPartRequest - bean - jar:file:/D:/software/apache-tomcat-6.0.20/webapps/struts2/WEB-INF/lib/struts2-core-2.1.8.jar!/struts-default.xml:47:178
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.register(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:221)
at org.apache.struts2.config.StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.register(StrutsXmlConfigurationProvider.java:101)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.impl.DefaultConfiguration.reloadContainer(DefaultConfiguration.java:169)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.ConfigurationManager.getConfiguration(ConfigurationManager.java:55)
... 30 more
Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/commons/fileupload/RequestContext
at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredConstructors0(Native Method)
at java.lang.Class.privateGetDeclaredConstructors(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredConstructors(Unknown Source)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider.register(XmlConfigurationProvider.java:211)
... 33 more
2009-10-26 16:03:52 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext start
严重: Error filterStart
2009-10-26 16:03:52 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext start
严重: Context [/struts2] startup failed due to previous errors
2009-10-26 16:03:52 org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol start

二：直接从网页上copy代码，可能带来不可预知的错误，建议亲自动手敲代码，这样也有助于对程序理解。