WCF入门教程
2009-05-17 15:55
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看了园子里很多学习WCF的例子,感觉受益匪浅,但是由于每个人学习的侧重点不同,一些很详细的细节例如每一个属性都是用来干什么的,建立不同的项目类型对创建的服务有什么区别等等,都不得而知。终于,在MSDN上发现了一篇入门教程。讲解的十分基本,十分详细,想进到每一个细节,然我彻底了解入门的每一个细节,整个教程结构清晰,代码简洁,讲解细致,值得推荐。
地址: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms734712.aspx
做这分5部来讲解创建一个最基本的基于B/S构架的WCF应用。服务是根据输入的两个数字,返回这两个数字的加减乘除运算结果。
第一步:定义WCF服务契约(创建项目,加入引用,定义Interface)
第二部:引入WCF服务契约(添加具体服务函数)
第三部:构架WCF服务,运行WCF服务(添加Uri,定义服务对象地址,运行服务)
第四部:利用工具访问服务,自动生成WCF服务代理的代码文件
第五部:配置一个简单的WCF客户端(用客户端引入服务代理,通过服务代理来访问服务)
第六部:运行程序
How to: Define a Windows Communication Foundation Service ContractHow to: Implement a Windows Communication Foundation Service Contract How to: Host and Run a Basic Windows Communication Foundation Service
How to: Create a Windows Communication Foundation Client
How to: Configure a Basic Windows Communication Foundation Client
How to: Use a Windows Communication Foundation Client 先建立一个解决方案。
在这个解决方案下面建立一个叫做Server的控制台应用项目,再建立一个叫做Client的控制台应用项目。
分别给每一个项目添加引用到System.ServiceModel
编辑每个项目下面的Program.cs
客户端Program.cs代码
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using System;
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using System.Collections.Generic;
3
using System.Text;
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using System.ServiceModel;
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namespace ServiceModelSamples
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{
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class Client
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{
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static void Main()
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{
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//Step 1: Create an endpoint address and an instance of the WCF Client.
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EndpointAddress epAddress = new EndpointAddress("http://localhost:8000/ServiceModelSamples/Service/CalculatorService");
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CalculatorClient client = new CalculatorClient(new WSHttpBinding(), epAddress);
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// Step 2: Call the service operations.
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// Call the Add service operation.
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double value1 = 100.00D;
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double value2 = 15.99D;
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double result = client.Add(value1, value2);
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Console.WriteLine("Add({0},{1}) = {2}", value1, value2, result);
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// Call the Subtract service operation.
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value1 = 145.00D;
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value2 = 76.54D;
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result = client.Subtract(value1, value2);
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Console.WriteLine("Subtract({0},{1}) = {2}", value1, value2, result);
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// Call the Multiply service operation.
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value1 = 9.00D;
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value2 = 81.25D;
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result = client.Multiply(value1, value2);
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Console.WriteLine("Multiply({0},{1}) = {2}", value1, value2, result);
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// Call the Divide service operation.
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value1 = 22.00D;
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value2 = 7.00D;
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result = client.Divide(value1, value2);
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Console.WriteLine("Divide({0},{1}) = {2}", value1, value2, result);
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//Step 3: Closing the client gracefully closes the connection and cleans up resources.
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client.Close();
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Console.WriteLine();
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Console.WriteLine("Press <ENTER> to terminate client.");
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Console.ReadLine();
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}
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}
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}
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服务端创建好了以后,就可以试运行了。
这时候可以用微软提供的命令行工具访问这个服务,生成服务代理 app.config 和 generatedProxy.cs两个文件。
地址: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms734712.aspx
做这分5部来讲解创建一个最基本的基于B/S构架的WCF应用。服务是根据输入的两个数字,返回这两个数字的加减乘除运算结果。
第一步:定义WCF服务契约(创建项目,加入引用,定义Interface)
第二部:引入WCF服务契约(添加具体服务函数)
第三部:构架WCF服务,运行WCF服务(添加Uri,定义服务对象地址,运行服务)
第四部:利用工具访问服务,自动生成WCF服务代理的代码文件
第五部:配置一个简单的WCF客户端(用客户端引入服务代理,通过服务代理来访问服务)
第六部:运行程序
How to: Define a Windows Communication Foundation Service ContractHow to: Implement a Windows Communication Foundation Service Contract How to: Host and Run a Basic Windows Communication Foundation Service
How to: Create a Windows Communication Foundation Client
How to: Configure a Basic Windows Communication Foundation Client
How to: Use a Windows Communication Foundation Client 先建立一个解决方案。
在这个解决方案下面建立一个叫做Server的控制台应用项目,再建立一个叫做Client的控制台应用项目。
分别给每一个项目添加引用到System.ServiceModel
编辑每个项目下面的Program.cs
客户端Program.cs代码
1
using System;
2
using System.Collections.Generic;
3
using System.Text;
4
using System.ServiceModel;
5
6
namespace ServiceModelSamples
7
{
8
9
class Client
10
{
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static void Main()
12
{
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//Step 1: Create an endpoint address and an instance of the WCF Client.
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EndpointAddress epAddress = new EndpointAddress("http://localhost:8000/ServiceModelSamples/Service/CalculatorService");
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CalculatorClient client = new CalculatorClient(new WSHttpBinding(), epAddress);
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// Step 2: Call the service operations.
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// Call the Add service operation.
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double value1 = 100.00D;
21
double value2 = 15.99D;
22
double result = client.Add(value1, value2);
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Console.WriteLine("Add({0},{1}) = {2}", value1, value2, result);
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25
// Call the Subtract service operation.
26
value1 = 145.00D;
27
value2 = 76.54D;
28
result = client.Subtract(value1, value2);
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Console.WriteLine("Subtract({0},{1}) = {2}", value1, value2, result);
30
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// Call the Multiply service operation.
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value1 = 9.00D;
33
value2 = 81.25D;
34
result = client.Multiply(value1, value2);
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Console.WriteLine("Multiply({0},{1}) = {2}", value1, value2, result);
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// Call the Divide service operation.
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value1 = 22.00D;
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value2 = 7.00D;
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result = client.Divide(value1, value2);
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Console.WriteLine("Divide({0},{1}) = {2}", value1, value2, result);
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//Step 3: Closing the client gracefully closes the connection and cleans up resources.
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client.Close();
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Console.WriteLine();
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Console.WriteLine("Press <ENTER> to terminate client.");
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Console.ReadLine();
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}
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}
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}
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服务端创建好了以后,就可以试运行了。
这时候可以用微软提供的命令行工具访问这个服务,生成服务代理 app.config 和 generatedProxy.cs两个文件。
svcutil.exe /language:cs /out:generatedProxy.cs /config:app.config http://localhost:8000/ServiceModelSamples/service[/code] 把这两个文件添加到客户端项目里去。
现在就可以编辑客户端代码了。
服务端Program.cs代码
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using System;
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using System.ServiceModel;
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using System.ServiceModel.Description;
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namespace Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples
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{
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// Define a service contract.
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[ServiceContract(Namespace = "http://Microsoft.ServiceModel.Samples")]
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public interface ICalculator
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{
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[OperationContract]
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double Add(double n1, double n2);
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[OperationContract]
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double Subtract(double n1, double n2);
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[OperationContract]
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double Multiply(double n1, double n2);
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[OperationContract]
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double Divide(double n1, double n2);
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}
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// Service class that implements the service contract.
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// Added code to write output to the console window.
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public class CalculatorService : ICalculator
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{
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public double Add(double n1, double n2)
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{
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double result = n1 + n2;
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Console.WriteLine("Received Add({0},{1})", n1, n2);
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Console.WriteLine("Return: {0}", result);
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return result;
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}
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public double Subtract(double n1, double n2)
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{
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double result = n1 - n2;
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Console.WriteLine("Received Subtract({0},{1})", n1, n2);
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Console.WriteLine("Return: {0}", result);
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return result;
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}
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public double Multiply(double n1, double n2)
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{
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double result = n1 * n2;
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Console.WriteLine("Received Multiply({0},{1})", n1, n2);
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Console.WriteLine("Return: {0}", result);
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return result;
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}
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public double Divide(double n1, double n2)
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{
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double result = n1 / n2;
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Console.WriteLine("Received Divide({0},{1})", n1, n2);
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Console.WriteLine("Return: {0}", result);
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return result;
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}
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}
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class Program
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{
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static void Main(string[] args)
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{
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// Step 1 of the address configuration procedure: Create a URI to serve as the base address.
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Uri baseAddress = new Uri("http://localhost:8000/ServiceModelSamples/Service");
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// Step 1 of the hosting procedure: Create ServiceHost
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ServiceHost selfHost = new ServiceHost(typeof(CalculatorService), baseAddress);
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try
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{
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// Step 3 of the hosting procedure: Add a service endpoint.
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selfHost.AddServiceEndpoint(
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typeof(ICalculator),
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new WSHttpBinding(),
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"CalculatorService");
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// Step 4 of the hosting procedure: Enable metadata exchange.
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ServiceMetadataBehavior smb = new ServiceMetadataBehavior();
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smb.HttpGetEnabled = true;
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selfHost.Description.Behaviors.Add(smb);
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// Step 5 of the hosting procedure: Start (and then stop) the service.
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selfHost.Open();
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Console.WriteLine("The service is ready.");
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Console.WriteLine("Press <ENTER> to terminate service.");
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Console.WriteLine();
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Console.ReadLine();
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// Close the ServiceHostBase to shutdown the service.
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selfHost.Close();
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}
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catch (CommunicationException ce)
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{
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Console.WriteLine("An exception occurred: {0}", ce.Message);
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selfHost.Abort();
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}
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}
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}
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}
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每一个细节都包含在上面的这两个Program.cs文件中了,你大概看一下就会懂。比院子里大多数教材说得都清晰,特别适合像我一样爱刨根问底的初学者。:)
最后编译程序,试运行。(两个都是命令行程序,直接到那个编译好的目录里去找那个exe文件运行,先运行服务,再运行客户端)。
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