[MSSQL]维护Sql Server中表的索引等常用命令收藏

维护Sql Server中表的索引等常用命令收藏

--select left('claro',2) 整理与西安 2009-02-09 23:18:19.640

--Microsoft SQL Server 2005 - 9.00.3042.00

-- (Intel X86) Feb 9 2007 22:47:07 Copyright (c) 1988-2005

-- Microsoft Corporation Express Edition on Windows NT 5.1 (Build 2600: Service Pack 3)

--维护Sql Server中表的索引

--第一步：查看是否需要维护，查看扫描密度/Scan Density是否为100%

　　declare @table_id int

　　set @table_id=object_id('表名')

　　dbcc showcontig(@table_id)

/*--example:

select * from sys.objects where type='U'

dbcc showcontig(chktab)

--

--DBCC SHOWCONTIG scanning 'chktab' table...

--Table: 'chktab' (1195151303); index ID: 0, database ID: 1

--TABLE level scan performed.

--- Pages Scanned................................: 2

--- Extents Scanned..............................: 2

--- Extent Switches..............................: 1

--- Avg. Pages per Extent........................: 1.0

--- Scan Density [Best Count:Actual Count].......: 50.00% [1:2]

--- Extent Scan Fragmentation ...................: 50.00%

--- Avg. Bytes Free per Page.....................: 8073.5

--- Avg. Page Density (full).....................: 0.25%

--DBCC execution completed. If DBCC printed error messages, contact your system administrator.

*/

--第二步:重构表索引

　　dbcc dbreindex('表名',pk_索引名,100)

/*--example:

dbcc dbreindex ('chktab',pk_index,100)

*/

　　--重做第一步，如发现扫描密度/Scan Density还是小于100%则重构表的所有索引

　　--杨铮：并不一定能达100%。

　　dbcc dbreindex('表名','',100)

/*--example:

dbcc dbreindex ('chktab','',100)

*/

--SQL Server常用管理命令

--1. 查看数据库的版本

select @@version

/*

Microsoft SQL Server 2005 - 9.00.3042.00

(Intel X86) Feb 9 2007 22:47:07 Copyright (c) 1988-2005

Microsoft Corporation Express Edition on Windows NT 5.1 (Build 2600: Service Pack 3)

*/

--2. 查看数据库所在机器操作系统参数

exec master..xp_msver

/*

Index Name Internal_Value Character_Value

1 ProductName NULL Microsoft SQL Server

2 ProductVersion 589824 9.00.3042.00

3 Language 1033 英语(美国)

4 Platform NULL NT INTEL X86

5 Comments NULL NT INTEL X86

6 CompanyName NULL Microsoft Corporation

7 FileDescription NULL SQL Server Windows NT

8 FileVersion NULL 2005.090.3042.00

9 InternalName NULL SQLSERVR

10 LegalCopyright NULL ? Microsoft Corp. All rights reserved.

11 LegalTrademarks NULL Microsoft? is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. Windows(TM) is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation

12 OriginalFilename NULL SQLSERVR.EXE

13 PrivateBuild NULL NULL

14 SpecialBuild 199360512 NULL

15 WindowsVersion 170393861 5.1 (2600)

16 ProcessorCount 1 1

17 ProcessorActiveMask 1 00000001

18 ProcessorType 586 PROCESSOR_INTEL_PENTIUM

19 PhysicalMemory 1270 1270 (1332133888)

20 Product ID NULL NULL

*/

--3. 查看数据库启动的参数

sp_configure

/*

name minimum maximum config_value run_value

Ad Hoc Distributed Queries 0 1 1 1

affinity I/O mask -2147483648 2147483647 0 0

affinity mask -2147483648 2147483647 0 0

Agent XPs 0 1 0 0

allow updates 0 1 0 0

awe enabled 0 1 0 0

blocked process threshold 0 86400 0 0

c2 audit mode 0 1 0 0

clr enabled 0 1 0 0

cost threshold for parallelism 0 32767 5 5

cross db ownership chaining 0 1 0 0

cursor threshold -1 2147483647 -1 -1

Database Mail XPs 0 1 0 0

default full-text language 0 2147483647 1033 1033

default language 0 9999 0 0

default trace enabled 0 1 1 1

disallow results from triggers 0 1 0 0

fill factor (%) 0 100 0 0

ft crawl bandwidth (max) 0 32767 100 100

ft crawl bandwidth (min) 0 32767 0 0

ft notify bandwidth (max) 0 32767 100 100

ft notify bandwidth (min) 0 32767 0 0

index create memory (KB) 704 2147483647 0 0

in-doubt xact resolution 0 2 0 0

lightweight pooling 0 1 0 0

locks 5000 2147483647 0 0

max degree of parallelism 0 64 0 0

max full-text crawl range 0 256 4 4

max server memory (MB) 16 2147483647 2147483647 2147483647

max text repl size (B) 0 2147483647 65536 65536

max worker threads 128 32767 0 0

media retention 0 365 0 0

min memory per query (KB) 512 2147483647 1024 1024

min server memory (MB) 0 2147483647 0 8

nested triggers 0 1 1 1

network packet size (B) 512 32767 4096 4096

Ole Automation Procedures 0 1 0 0

open objects 0 2147483647 0 0

PH timeout (s) 1 3600 60 60

precompute rank 0 1 0 0

priority boost 0 1 0 0

query governor cost limit 0 2147483647 0 0

query wait (s) -1 2147483647 -1 -1

recovery interval (min) 0 32767 0 0

remote access 0 1 1 1

remote admin connections 0 1 0 0

remote login timeout (s) 0 2147483647 20 20

remote proc trans 0 1 0 0

remote query timeout (s) 0 2147483647 600 600

Replication XPs 0 1 0 0

scan for startup procs 0 1 0 0

server trigger recursion 0 1 1 1

set working set size 0 1 0 0

show advanced options 0 1 1 1

SMO and DMO XPs 0 1 1 1

SQL Mail XPs 0 1 0 0

transform noise words 0 1 0 0

two digit year cutoff 1753 9999 2049 2049

user connections 0 32767 0 0

user instance timeout 5 65535 60 60

user instances enabled 0 1 1 1

user options 0 32767 0 0

Web Assistant Procedures 0 1 0 0

xp_cmdshell 0 1 0 0

*/

--4. 查看数据库启动时间

select convert(varchar(30),login_time,120) from master..sysprocesses where spid=1

/*

2009-02-09 18:25:10

*/

--5. 查看数据库服务器名和实例名

print 'Server Name...............：' + convert(varchar(30),@@SERVERNAME)

--Server Name...............：CLARO/SQLEXPRESS

print 'Instance..................：' + convert(varchar(30),@@SERVICENAME)

--Instance..................：SQLEXPRESS

--6. 查看所有数据库名称及大小

sp_helpdb

/*

name db_size owner dbid created status compatibility_level

master 5.25 MB sa 1 Apr 8 2003 Status=ONLINE, Updateability=READ_WRITE, UserAccess=MULTI_USER, Recovery=SIMPLE, Version=611, Collation=Chinese_PRC_CI_AS, SQLSortOrder=0, IsAutoCreateStatistics, IsAutoUpdateStatistics 90

model 2.94 MB sa 3 Apr 8 2003 Status=ONLINE, Updateability=READ_WRITE, UserAccess=MULTI_USER, Recovery=SIMPLE, Version=611, Collation=Chinese_PRC_CI_AS, SQLSortOrder=0, IsAutoCreateStatistics, IsAutoUpdateStatistics 90

msdb 7.44 MB sa 4 Oct 14 2005 Status=ONLINE, Updateability=READ_WRITE, UserAccess=MULTI_USER, Recovery=SIMPLE, Version=611, Collation=Chinese_PRC_CI_AS, SQLSortOrder=0, IsAutoCreateStatistics, IsAutoUpdateStatistics, IsFullTextEnabled
90

tempdb 2.69 MB sa 2 Feb 9 2009 Status=ONLINE, Updateability=READ_WRITE, UserAccess=MULTI_USER, Recovery=SIMPLE, Version=611, Collation=Chinese_PRC_CI_AS, SQLSortOrder=0, IsAutoCreateStatistics, IsAutoUpdateStatistics 90

testdb 4.00 MB sa 5 Nov 12 2008 Status=ONLINE, Updateability=READ_WRITE, UserAccess=MULTI_USER, Recovery=SIMPLE, Version=611, Collation=Chinese_PRC_CI_AS, SQLSortOrder=0, IsAutoCreateStatistics, IsAutoUpdateStatistics, IsFullTextEnabled
90

*/

--7. 重命名数据库SQL

sp_renamedb 'old_dbname', 'new_dbname'

--8. 查看所有数据库用户登录信息

sp_helplogins

--9. 查看所有数据库用户所属的角色信息

sp_helpsrvrolemember

/*

ServerRole MemberName MemberSID

sysadmin sa 0x01

sysadmin BUILTIN/Administrators 0x01020000000000052000000020020000

sysadmin NT AUTHORITY/SYSTEM 0x010100000000000512000000

sysadmin CLARO/SQLServer2005MSSQLUser$CLARO$SQLEXPRESS 0x010500000000000515000000A1F40462507B9E5F07E53B2BF3030000

*/

--10. 修复迁移服务器时孤立用户时,可以用的fix_orphan_user脚本或者LoneUser过程

--更改某个数据对象的用户属主

sp_changeobjectowner [@objectname =] 'object', [@newowner =] 'owner'

--注意：更改对象名的任一部分都可能破坏脚本和存储过程。

--把一台服务器上的数据库用户登录信息备份出来可以用add_login_to_aserver脚本

--11. 查看某数据库下,对象级用户权限

sp_helprotect

/*

(1664 row(s) affected)

*/

--12. 查看链接服务器

sp_helplinkedsrvlogin

/*

Linked Server Local Login Is Self Mapping Remote Login

CLARO/SQLEXPRESS NULL 1 NULL

*/

--13. 查看远端数据库用户登录信息

sp_helpremotelogin

/*

Msg 15200, Level 16, State 1, Procedure sp_helpremotelogin, Line 14

There are no remote servers defined.

*/

--14. 查看某数据库下某个数据对象的大小

sp_spaceused @objname

--还可以用sp_toptables过程看最大的N(默认为50)个表

--15. 查看某数据库下某个数据对象的索引信息

sp_helpindex @objname

--还可以用SP_NChelpindex过程查看更详细的索引情况

--SP_NChelpindex @objname

--clustered索引是把记录按物理顺序排列的，索引占的空间比较少。

--对键值DML操作十分频繁的表我建议用非clustered索引和约束，fillfactor参数都用默认值。

　　

--16. 查看某数据库下某个数据对象的的约束信息

sp_helpconstraint @objname

--17. 查看数据库里所有的存储过程和函数

use @database_name

sp_stored_procedures

--18. 查看存储过程和函数的源代码

sp_helptext '@procedure_name'

/*--example:

sp_helptext 'sp_MScleanupmergepublisher'

--create procedure dbo.sp_MScleanupmergepublisher

--as

-- exec sys.sp_MScleanupmergepublisher_internal

*/

--19. 查看包含某个字符串@str的数据对象名称

select distinct object_name(id) from syscomments where text like
'%@str%'

--创建加密的存储过程或函数在AS前面加WITH ENCRYPTION参数

--解密加密过的存储过程和函数可以用sp_decrypt过程

--20. 查看数据库里用户和进程的信息

sp_who

--21. 查看SQL Server数据库里的活动用户和进程的信息

sp_who 'active'

--22. 查看SQL Server数据库里的锁的情况

sp_lock

--进程号(1--50)是SQL Server系统内部用的,进程号大于50的才是用户的连接进程.

--spid是进程编号,dbid是数据库编号,objid是数据对象编号

--23. 查看进程正在执行的SQL语句 /?

dbcc inputbuffer ()

推荐大家用经过改进后的sp_who3过程可以直接看到进程运行的SQL语句

sp_who5

--24. 检查死锁用sp_who_lock过程 /?

sp_who_lock

--25. 查看和收缩数据库文件的方法

--查看所有数据库文件大小

dbcc sqlperf(logspace)

/*

Database Name Log Size (MB) Log Space Used (%) Status

master 1.242188 44.33962 0

tempdb 1.492188 62.04189 0

model 0.7421875 43.15789 0

msdb 1.992188 40.78431 0

testdb 0.9921875 41.53543 0

*/

--如果某些文件较大，收缩简单恢复模式数据库文章，收缩后@database_name_log的大小单位为M

--backup log @database_name with no_log

--dbcc shrinkfile (@database_name_log, 5)

--26. 分析SQL Server SQL 语句的方法：

set statistics time {on | off}

set statistics io {on | off}

--图形方式显示查询执行计划

--在查询分析器->查询->显示估计的评估计划(D)-Ctrl-L 或者点击工具栏里的图形

--文本方式显示查询执行计划

set showplan_all {on | off}

set showplan_text { on | off }

set statistics profile { on | off }