PowerShell在SQL Server 2008中一些用法 [实例]

PowerShell早在SQL Server 2005里就已经被集成了, 而我第一次用却在SQL Server 2008中。今天有空总结几个实际例子出来。欢迎这方面专家来完善一下：

一、先不用SqlServerCmdletSnapin100这个SnapIn来写几个操作常用数据的脚本

1. 由于有读者问如何用PowerShell显示数据库中表，以下是一个简单函数供参考

#==============================================

# SQL Server 2008 - PowerShell

# 显示用户表

# <c>zivsoft</c>

#==============================================

function ShowCustomizedDataTable{

$SQLSERVER=read-host "Enter SQL Server Name:"

$Database=read-host "Enter Database Name:"

$SqlConnection = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection

$CnnString = "Server=$SQLSERVER;Database=$DATABASE;Integrated Security=True"

$SqlConnection.ConnectionString = $CnnString

$SqlCmd = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand

$SqlCmd.CommandText = "select name from sysobjects where type='u'"

$SqlCmd.Connection = $SqlConnection

$SqlAdapter = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlDataAdapter

$SqlAdapter.SelectCommand = $SqlCmd

$DataSet = New-Object System.Data.DataSet

$SqlAdapter.Fill($DataSet)

$SqlConnection.Close()

$DataSet.Tables[0]

}

2. 显示SQL查询出来的数据

#==============================================

# SQL Server 2008 - PowerShell

# 显示查询数据内容

# <c>zivsoft</c>

#==============================================

function Get-DataTable([string]$query)

{

$dataSet= new-object "System.Data.DataSet" "DataSetName"

$da = new-object "System.Data.SqlClient.SqlDataAdapter" ($query, $CnnString)

[void] $da.Fill($dataSet)

return $dataSet.Tables[0]

}

3. 构建数据库联接字符串

###################################################################################################

# www.zivsoft.com

# 设置数据库连接字符串

###################################################################################################

function global:Set-SqlConnection( $Server = $(Read-Host "SQL Server Name"), $Database = $(Read-Host "Default Database"), $UserName , $Password )

{

#如果用户名和密码都不为空

if( ($UserName -gt $null) -and ($Password -gt $null)) {

$login = "User Id = $UserName; Password = $Password"

}

else {

#采用整合安全机制登陆

$login = "Integrated Security = True"

}

#数据库连接字符串

$SqlConnection.ConnectionString = "Server = $Server; Database = $Database; $login"

}

4. 另一种风格的获取数据库数据

#================================================

# 类似DataTable GetDataTable(String strSQL)

# <author>周利华</author>

#================================================

function global:Get-SqlDataTable( $Query = $(Read-Host "输入SQL语句"))

{

#打开数据库

if (-not ($SqlConnection.State -like "Open")) { $SqlConnection.Open() }

#实例化SQLCommand

$SqlCmd = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand $Query, $SqlConnection

$SqlAdapter = New-Object System.Data.SqlClient.SqlDataAdapter

$SqlAdapter.SelectCommand = $SqlCmd

$DataSet = New-Object System.Data.DataSet

$SqlAdapter.Fill($DataSet) | Out-Null

$SqlConnection.Close()

#返回数据库表

return $DataSet.Tables[0]

}

二、以上是普通PowerShell通过ADO.NET操作数据库，下面列出更酷的SQL Server集成的PowerShell命令

先看一下Invoke-Sqlcmd这个关键的cmdlet的帮助信息：

NAME

Invoke-Sqlcmd

SYNOPSIS

Runs a script containing statements from the languages (Transact-SQL and XQuery) and commands supported by the SQL Server sqlcmd utility.

-------------- Example 1 --------------

C:\PS>Invoke-Sqlcmd -Query "SELECT GETDATE() AS TimeOfQuery;" -ServerInstance "MyComputer\MyInstance"

This example connects to a named instance of the Database Engine on a computer and runs a basic Transact-SQL script.

TimeOfQuery

-----------

10/7/2007 1:04:20 PM

-------------- Example 2 --------------

C:\PS>Invoke-Sqlcmd -InputFile "C:\MyFolder\TestSqlCmd.sql" | Out-File -filePath "C:\MyFolder\TestSqlCmd.rpt"

This example reads a file containing Transact-SQL statements and sqlcmd commands, runs the file, and writes the output to another file. Ensure all output files are secured with the appropriate NTFS permissions.

Output sent to TestSqlCmd.rpt.

-------------- Example 3 --------------

C:\PS>$MyArray = "MYVAR1='String1'", "MYVAR2='String2'"

Invoke-Sqlcmd -Query "SELECT `$(MYVAR1) AS Var1, `$(MYVAR2) AS Var2;" -Variable $MyArray

This example uses an array of character strings as input to the -Variable parameter. The array defines multiple sqlcmd variables. The $ signs in the SELECT statement that identify the sqlcmd variables are escaped using the back-tick (`) character.

Var1 Var2

---- ----

String1 String2

-------------- Example 4 --------------

C:\PS>Set-Location SQLSERVER:\SQL\MyComputer\MyInstance

Invoke-Sqlcmd -Query "SELECT GETDATE() AS TimeOfQuery;" -ServerInstance (Get-Item .)

This example uses Set-Location to navigate to the SQL Server PowerShell provider path for an instance of the Database Engine. Then the example uses Get-Item to retrieve an SMO Server object for use as the -ServerInstance parameter of Invoke-Sqlcmd.

TimeOfQuery

-----------

10/18/2007 8:49:43 PM

-------------- Example 5 --------------

C:\PS>Invoke-Sqlcmd -Query "PRINT N'abc'" -Verbose

This example uses the PowerShell -Verbose parameter to return the message output of the PRINT command.

VERBOSE: abc

-------------- Example 6 --------------

C:\PS>Set-Location SQLSERVER:\SQL\MyComputer\DEFAULT\Databases\AdventureWorks

Invoke-Sqlcmd "SELECT DB_NAME() AS DatabaseName;"

This examples uses a positional string to supply the input to the -Query parameter. It also shows how Invoke-Sqlcmd uses the current path to set the database context to AdventureWorks.

WARNING: Using provider context. Server = MyComputer, Database = AdventureWorks.

DatabaseName

------------

AdventureWorks

仔细读完这个帮助，发现，上面所有对.NET Framework中ADO.NET的操作全可以用Invoke-Sqlcmd代替，非常简洁方便。

比如，获取home数据中所有用户表:

Invoke-Sqlcmd -Query "use home;SELECT name as tablename from sysobjects where xtype='U'" -QueryTimeout 3 | ft -auto

比如，显示home数据库中userinfo表内容：

Invoke-Sqlcmd -Query "use home;SELECT * from UserInfo" -QueryTimeout 3 | ft -auto



最后，补充，如果直接用SQL Server 2008的Management Studio进去打开PowerShell，便可以直接操作类似Invoke-Sqlcmd的cmdlets，但是如果没有Management Studio怎么办呢？

很简单，用Add-PSSnapin SqlServerCmdletSnapin100轻松搞定。