15个mysql使用管理命令
2009-02-25 15:34
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15个mysql使用管理命令
In all the 15 mysqladmin command-line examples below, tmppassword is used as the MySQL root user password. Please change this to your MySQL root password.
The status command displays the following information:
Uptime: Uptime of the mysql server in seconds
Threads: Total number of clients connected to the server.
Questions: Total number of queries the server has executed since the startup.
Slow queries: Total number of queries whose execution time waas more than long_query_time variable’s value.
Opens: Total number of tables opened by the server.
Flush tables: How many times the tables were flushed.
Open tables: Total number of open tables in the database.
You can use this command effectively to debug any performance issue and identify the query that is causing problems, by running the command automatically every 1 second as shown below.
Note: To display all tables in a database, total number of columns, row, column types, indexes etc., use the mysqlshow command that we discussed in our previous articles.
Refresh command will flush all the tables and close/open log files.
Note: You can also use “/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld stop” to shutdown the server. To start the server, execute “/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql start”
flush-hosts: Flush all information in the host cache.
flush-privileges: Reload the grant tables (same as reload).
flush-status: Clear status variables.
flush-threads: Flush the thread cache.
Now, use the kill command and pass the process_id as shown below. To kill multiple process you can pass comma separated process id’s.
You can also use the short form as shown below:
Use the option -h, to connect to a remote MySQL server and execute the mysqladmin commands as shown below.
In all the 15 mysqladmin command-line examples below, tmppassword is used as the MySQL root user password. Please change this to your MySQL root password.
1. How to change the MySQL root user password?
# mysqladmin -u root -ptmppassword password 'newpassword' # mysql -u root -pnewpassword Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or /g. Your MySQL connection id is 8 Server version: 5.1.25-rc-community MySQL Community Server (GPL) Type 'help;' or '/h' for help. Type '/c' to clear the buffer. mysql>
2. How to check whether MySQL Server is up and running?
# mysqladmin -u root -p ping Enter password: mysqld is alive
3. How do I find out what version of MySQL I am running?
Apart from giving the ‘Server version’, this command also displays the current status of the mysql server.# mysqladmin -u root -ptmppassword version mysqladmin Ver 8.42 Distrib 5.1.25-rc, for redhat-linux-gnu on i686 Copyright (C) 2000-2006 MySQL AB This software comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. This is free software, and you are welcome to modify and redistribute it under the GPL license Server version 5.1.25-rc-community Protocol version 10 Connection Localhost via UNIX socket UNIX socket /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock Uptime: 107 days 6 hours 11 min 44 sec Threads: 1 Questions: 231976 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 17067 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 64 Queries per second avg: 0.25
4. What is the current status of MySQL server?
# mysqladmin -u root -ptmppassword status Uptime: 9267148 Threads: 1 Questions: 231977 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 17067 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 64 Queries per second avg: 0.25
The status command displays the following information:
Uptime: Uptime of the mysql server in seconds
Threads: Total number of clients connected to the server.
Questions: Total number of queries the server has executed since the startup.
Slow queries: Total number of queries whose execution time waas more than long_query_time variable’s value.
Opens: Total number of tables opened by the server.
Flush tables: How many times the tables were flushed.
Open tables: Total number of open tables in the database.
5. How to view all the MySQL Server status variable and it’s current value?
# mysqladmin -u root -ptmppassword extended-status +-----------------------------------+-----------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-----------------------------------+-----------+ | Aborted_clients | 579 | | Aborted_connects | 8 | | Binlog_cache_disk_use | 0 | | Binlog_cache_use | 0 | | Bytes_received | 41387238 | | Bytes_sent | 308401407 | | Com_admin_commands | 3524 | | Com_assign_to_keycache | 0 | | Com_alter_db | 0 | | Com_alter_db_upgrade | 0 |
6. How to display all MySQL server system variables and the values?
# mysqladmin -u root -ptmppassword variables +---------------------------------+---------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------------------------+---------------------------------+ | auto_increment_increment | 1 | | basedir | / | | big_tables | OFF | | binlog_format | MIXED | | bulk_insert_buffer_size | 8388608 | | character_set_client | latin1 | | character_set_database | latin1 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | skip..... | time_format | %H:%i:%s | | time_zone | SYSTEM | | timed_mutexes | OFF | | tmpdir | /tmp | | tx_isolation | REPEATABLE-READ | | unique_checks | ON | | updatable_views_with_limit | YES | | version | 5.1.25-rc-community | | version_comment | MySQL Community Server (GPL) | | version_compile_machine | i686 | | version_compile_os | redhat-linux-gnu | | wait_timeout | 28800 | +---------------------------------+---------------------------------+
7. How to display all the running process/queries in the mysql database?
# mysqladmin -u root -ptmppassword processlist +----+------+-----------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+ | Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info | +----+------+-----------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+ | 20 | root | localhost | | Sleep | 36 | | | | 23 | root | localhost | | Query | 0 | | show processlist | +----+------+-----------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+
You can use this command effectively to debug any performance issue and identify the query that is causing problems, by running the command automatically every 1 second as shown below.
# mysqladmin -u root -ptmppassword -i 1 processlist +----+------+-----------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+ | Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info | +----+------+-----------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+ | 20 | root | localhost | | Sleep | 36 | | | | 23 | root | localhost | | Query | 0 | | show processlist | +----+------+-----------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+ +----+------+-----------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+ | Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info | +----+------+-----------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+ | 24 | root | localhost | | Query | 0 | | show processlist | +----+------+-----------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+
8. How to create a MySQL Database?
# mysqladmin -u root -ptmppassword create testdb # mysql -u root -ptmppassword Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or /g. Your MySQL connection id is 705 Server version: 5.1.25-rc-community MySQL Community Server (GPL) Type 'help;' or '/h' for help. Type '/c' to clear the buffer. mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | sugarcrm | | testdb | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
Note: To display all tables in a database, total number of columns, row, column types, indexes etc., use the mysqlshow command that we discussed in our previous articles.
9. How to Delete/Drop an existing MySQL database?
# mysqladmin -u root -ptmppassword drop testdb Dropping the database is potentially a very bad thing to do. Any data stored in the database will be destroyed. Do you really want to drop the 'testdb' database [y/N] y Database “testdb” dropped # mysql -u root -ptmppassword Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or /g. Your MySQL connection id is 707 Server version: 5.1.25-rc-community MySQL Community Server (GPL) Type ‘help;’ or ‘/h’ for help. Type ‘/c’ to clear the buffer. mysql> show databases; +——————–+ | Database | +——————–+ | information_schema | | mysql | | sugarcrm | +——————–+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
10. How to reload/refresh the privilege or the grants tables?
# mysqladmin -u root -ptmppassword reload;
Refresh command will flush all the tables and close/open log files.
# mysqladmin -u root -ptmppassword refresh
11. What is the safe method to shutdown the MySQL server?
# mysqladmin -u root -ptmppassword shutdown # mysql -u root -ptmppassword ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock'
Note: You can also use “/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld stop” to shutdown the server. To start the server, execute “/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql start”
12. List of all mysqladmin flush commands.
# mysqladmin -u root -ptmppassword flush-hosts # mysqladmin -u root -ptmppassword flush-logs # mysqladmin -u root -ptmppassword flush-privileges # mysqladmin -u root -ptmppassword flush-status # mysqladmin -u root -ptmppassword flush-tables # mysqladmin -u root -ptmppassword flush-threads
flush-hosts: Flush all information in the host cache.
flush-privileges: Reload the grant tables (same as reload).
flush-status: Clear status variables.
flush-threads: Flush the thread cache.
13. How to kill a hanging MySQL Client Process?
First identify the hanging MySQL client process using the processlist command.# mysqladmin -u root -ptmppassword processlist +----+------+-----------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+ | Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info | +----+------+-----------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+ | 20 | root | localhost | | Sleep | 64 | | | | 24 | root | localhost | | Query | 0 | | show processlist | +----+------+-----------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+
Now, use the kill command and pass the process_id as shown below. To kill multiple process you can pass comma separated process id’s.
# mysqladmin -u root -ptmppassword kill 20 # mysqladmin -u root -ptmppassword processlist +----+------+-----------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+ | Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info | +----+------+-----------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+ | 26 | root | localhost | | Query | 0 | | show processlist | +----+------+-----------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+
14. How to start and stop MySQL replication on a slave server?
# mysqladmin -u root -ptmppassword stop-slave Slave stopped # mysqladmin -u root -ptmppassword start-slave mysqladmin: Error starting slave: The server is not configured as slave; fix in config file or with CHANGE MASTER TO
15. How to combine multiple mysqladmin commands together?
In the example below, you can combine process-list, status and version command to get all the output together as shown below.# mysqladmin -u root -ptmppassword process status version +----+------+-----------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+ | Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info | +----+------+-----------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+ | 43 | root | localhost | | Query | 0 | | show processlist | +----+------+-----------+----+---------+------+-------+------------------+ Uptime: 3135 Threads: 1 Questions: 80 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 15 Flush tables: 3 Open tables: 0 Queries per second avg: 0.25 mysqladmin Ver 8.42 Distrib 5.1.25-rc, for redhat-linux-gnu on i686 Copyright (C) 2000-2006 MySQL AB This software comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. This is free software, and you are welcome to modify and redistribute it under the GPL license Server version 5.1.25-rc-community Protocol version 10 Connection Localhost via UNIX socket UNIX socket /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock Uptime: 52 min 15 sec
You can also use the short form as shown below:
# mysqladmin -u root -ptmppassword pro stat ver
Use the option -h, to connect to a remote MySQL server and execute the mysqladmin commands as shown below.
# mysqladmin -h 192.168.1.112 -u root -ptmppassword pro stat ver
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