Robin.c'SQL语法总结

Robin.c'SQL语法总结

<第一部分>ＳＱＬ 语法参考手册

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<第二部分>
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-----------------例子--------------------------
-----------------------------------------------

------------order by
select dwmc,jtdm,sjdm,qydm
from [2005companyinfo]
where jtdm='71093107X' and jtdm=sjdm and sjdm <>qydm
order by qydm

-------------count
select * from ----------此句很重要
(select jtdm,count(qydm) b from [2005companyinfo]
where jtdm=sjdm and sjdm <>qydm
group by jtdm) as a ---------------一张新表
left outer join ----------------连接
(select dwmc,jtdm from [2005companyinfo]
where sfjt=1)as b ---------------一张新表
on a.jtdm=b.jtdm
--------------view
CREATE view ssgs_2004_类别 as

-------------自动填充一列（以字符串）
select info.hyid,'1' as xh
from。。。。
------------精妙SQL语句--------------
说明：复制表(只复制结构,源表名：a 新表名：b)
SQL: select * into b from a where 1<>1
------------拷贝表---------------------------
说明：拷贝表(拷贝数据,源表名：a 目标表名：b)
SQL: insert into b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from a;
------------------------------------
说明：显示文章、提交人和最后回复时间
SQL: select a.title,a.username,b.adddate from table a,(select max(adddate) adddate from table where table.title=a.title) b
-----------------------------------
说明：外连接查询(表名1：a 表名2：b)
SQL: select a.a, a.b, a.c, b.c, b.d, b.f from a LEFT OUT JOIN b . a.a = b.c
----------------------------------------
说明：日程安排提前五分钟提醒
SQL: select * from 日程安排 where datediff('minute',f开始时间,getdate())>5
--------------------------------------
说明：两张关联表，删除主表中已经在副表中有的信息
SQL: delete from info where not exists ( select * from infobz where info.infid=infobz.infid )
-------------------------------------
说明：--
SQL: SELECT A.NUM, A.NAME, B.UPD_DATE, B.PREV_UPD_DATE
FROM TABLE1,
(SELECT X.NUM, X.UPD_DATE, Y.UPD_DATE PREV_UPD_DATE
FROM (SELECT NUM, UPD_DATE, INBOUND_QTY, STOCK_ONHAND
FROM TABLE2
WHERE TO_CHAR(UPD_DATE,'YYYY/MM') = TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'YYYY/MM')) X,
(SELECT NUM, UPD_DATE, STOCK_ONHAND
FROM TABLE2
WHERE TO_CHAR(UPD_DATE,'YYYY/MM') =
TO_CHAR(TO_DATE(TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'YYYY/MM') ¦¦ '/01','YYYY/MM/DD') - 1, 'YYYY/MM') ) Y,
WHERE X.NUM = Y.NUM （+）
AND X.INBOUND_QTY + NVL(Y.STOCK_ONHAND,0) <> X.STOCK_ONHAND ) B
WHERE A.NUM = B.NUM
说明：-------------------------------------------------------
SQL: select *
from studentinfo
where not exists(select * from student
where studentinfo.id=student.id) and 系名称 ='"&strdepartmentname&"' and 专业名称
='"&strprofessionname&"'
order by 性别,生源地,高考总成绩
-------------------------------------------------------------
说明：从数据库中去一年的各单位电话费统计(电话费定额贺电化肥清单两个表来源）
SQL: SELECT a.userper, a.tel, a.standfee, TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'yyyy') AS telyear,
SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '01', a.factration)) AS JAN,
SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '02', a.factration)) AS FRI,
SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '03', a.factration)) AS MAR,
SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '04', a.factration)) AS APR,
SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '05', a.factration)) AS MAY,
SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '06', a.factration)) AS JUE,
SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '07', a.factration)) AS JUL,
SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '08', a.factration)) AS AGU,
SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '09', a.factration)) AS SEP,
SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '10', a.factration)) AS OCT,
SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '11', a.factration)) AS NOV,
SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '12', a.factration)) AS DEC
FROM (SELECT a.userper, a.tel, a.standfee, b.telfeedate, b.factration
FROM TELFEESTAND a, TELFEE b
WHERE a.tel = b.telfax) a
GROUP BY a.userper, a.tel, a.standfee, TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'yyyy')
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
说明：四表联查问题：
SQL: select * from a left inner join b . a.a=b.b right inner join c . a.a=c.c inner join d . a.a=d.d where .....
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
说明：得到表中最小的未使用的ID号
SQL:
SELECT (CASE WHEN EXISTS(SELECT * FROM Handle b WHERE b.HandleID = 1) THEN MIN(HandleID) + 1 ELSE 1 END) as HandleID
FROM Handle
WHERE NOT HandleID IN (SELECT a.HandleID - 1 FROM Handle a)

--------经验心得(十分常用)----------
---------------复制一张表（有条件的）-----------
SELECT *
INTO a
FROM ssgs_lr_2004
WHERE (主营业务成本 < 30091)
注释：a为新表
---------------纵向连接两张表---------------------
SELECT *
FROM a
UNION
SELECT *
FROM b
注释：a表b表结构相同
-----------------COUNT(*)数一下记录数--------------
SELECT COUNT(*) AS Expr1
FROM (SELECT *
FROM a
UNION
SELECT *
FROM b) DERIVEDTBL
注释：DERIVEDTBL自动加的
-----------------两表纵向相连之后生成新表------------
SELECT *
INTO c
FROM (SELECT *
FROM a
UNION
SELECT *
FROM b) DERIVEDTBL
注释：a b两表数据结构相同，（字段数，字段类型同）
-------------横向连接两张表---------------------------
SELECT *
FROM d LEFT OUTER JOIN e
ON d.单位名称 = e.单位名称
注释：left表示d表为主，d表全记录显示，e多不显示，少则null补
right表示d表为主，
------------删除一些记录（以一定的条件）--------------
DELETE FROM e
WHERE (主营业务成本 > 6916.9581)
--
DELETE FROM d
WHERE (主营业务收入 = 10674.7751860)
--
注释：条件可为<>.<.>
-----------将表中一项加和之后添加到表中-------------------
SELECT 单位名称, 项目, 主营业务收入
FROM (SELECT *
FROM d
UNION
SELECT 'total' AS 单位名称, '0' AS 项目,
SUM(主营业务收入) AS 主营业务收入
FROM d) DERIVEDTBL
注释： UNION前的放在表最后
----------更新一列--------------
UPDATE a
SET mark = 0
WHERE (主营业务成本 > 28407.045268)
--------------------按类别加和再求总合汇成一张表----------------
SELECT 'total' AS 单位名称, '0' AS 项目, SUM(主营业务收入) AS 主营业务收入, '5' as mark
from
(SELECT 'total' AS 单位名称, '0' AS 项目, SUM(主营业务收入) AS 主营业务收入, mark
FROM h
GROUP BY mark) b
---
SELECT 'total' AS 单位名称, '0' AS 项目, SUM(主营业务收入) AS 主营业务收入
FROM h
--加入mark，要使用group by 分组加和
注释：mark为类别，b为别名，不可缺失
--------------把表按行业合计再将合计插入原表---------------------------------
select * from cwxy
union
select hyid,hy,'小计' as qyid,'小计' as qymc, [03zcbb]
from cwxy_heji
where hyid not like '合计'
order by hyid,qyid
注释：合计在每个行业之后,其中hyid\qyid很重要
(先按行业排列\再按企业代码排列)
--
(SELECT 'total' AS [单位名称], 'b' AS [项目], SUM([主营业务收入]), mark
FROM h
GROUP BY mark)
UNION
SELECT *
FROM h
ORDER BY mark
------------从一张表中取数据插入另一张表中----------------------------------
INSERT INTO c
(单位名称, 项目, 主营业务收入)
SELECT 单位名称, 项目, 主营业务收入
FROM d
注释：c为目标表,插入数据位于目标表所有数据之前
--------------属于INNER JOIN .--选出两表的相同记录-------------------------
select * from d ,c where d.单位名称= c.单位名称
注释:*则将两表字段全部选出显示
------------从一张大表中选出小表中未有的-----------<注意>------------
select * from c
WHERE (not EXISTS
(select * from d where c.[单位名称]=d.[单位名称]))
------从一张大表中选出小表中有的----------------------
select * from c
WHERE (EXISTS
(select * from d where c.[单位名称]=d.[单位名称]))
注释:not EXISTS表示不存在的
select * from d where c.[单位名称]=d.[单位名称]一句中不可写为
select * from d , c where c.[单位名称]=d.[单位名称]
---------------复制表中的一列--------------------------
update dbt748 set cid=fd0
（注释：复制表dbt748 中的列fd0到列cid中）
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