部署Vista（3）——认识配置过程

原文地址：http://www.windowsnetworking.com/articles_tutorials/Deploying-Vista-Part3.html

From a user’s perspective, the above describes what the Setup process looks like. Under the hood however, things are a bit more complicated because of something called configuration passes. A configuration pass is an aspect of the Setup process that can be controlled by configuring settings in an answer file. In other words, whatever happens during a configuration pass can be automated. And while there are .ly three phases of Setup from the user’s perspective, there are seven different configuration passes that can occur, depending . what type of installation you’re trying to perform.
从一个用户的角度来说，以上只是描述了安装过程的大致过程。在此之下的实际情况则要复杂得多，称之为配置过程。一个配置过程由一个应答文件进行控制。换而言之，无论发生什么整个配置过程都能实现自动化。从用户的角度来看仅仅有三个阶段，而实际可能有7个不同的配置过程发生，这取决于你要安装的形式。

To see why it’s important to understand these different configuration passes, take a look at the following screenshot which shows me about to add the x86_Microsoft-Windows-Shell-Setup component to my answer file:
为了更清楚的明白这些不同的配置过程，我们来看下应答文件中的组件x86_Microsoft-Windows-Shell-Setup。




Note that of the seven different configuration passes available within an answer file for deploying Vista, the x86_Microsoft-Windows-Shell-Setup component can be added to six of them. This means you could add this component to the offlineServicing pass (selected in the figure above) for your answer file, to the generalize pass for your answer file, to the specialize pass, and so ..
注意到有7个不同的过程可选，而你可以向x86_Microsoft-Windows-Shell-Setup组件中添加6个。这意味着你可以把这个组件加入offlineServicing过程中等等。

So the question immediately presents itself like this: Which configuration pass of my answer file should I add this component to? The answer depends . two things: understanding what these different configuration passes do and understanding the different scenarios you can follow for deploying Vista. The rest of this article deals with the first topic, while my next article will describe some possible deployment scenarios.
所以问题就如展现的那样：我需要把那些配置过程加入到应答文件中？这个答案取决于两件事：是否明白这些配置过程的区别以及是否明白不同的Vista部署方案。本篇的余下部分将向你解释第一个问题，而第二个问题则留给后面的文章。

Let’s now examine each of these seven configuration passes, and afterward I’ll show you how they relate to the three Setup phases described previously. And by the way, if terminology like “the x86_Microsoft-Windows-Shell-Setup component of an answer file” still sounds mysterious to you, don’t worry—working with Vista answer files will soon become clear to you over the next few articles in this series.
下面我们将逐个看看7个配置过程，我还将展示这7个过程与之前三个阶段的关系。顺带的，如果诸如“the x86_Microsoft-Windows-Shell-Setup component of an answer file”这样的话对你而言仍然显得晦涩难懂的话，不用担心，在接下来的文章里我会详细解释给你。
Pass 1 windowsPE
Answer file settings for the windowsPE configuration pass are used to configure how the Windows Preinstallation Environment (Windows PE) behaves. Windows PE is a minimal version of Windows that is designed to prep a system for installing Windows . it, and you can use Windows PE to boot a system that has no operating system, partition and format its drives, copy disk images to the system’s drives, and launch Setup from a network share.
应答文件中的windowsPE配置过程用于配置PE阶段的操作。PE是一个Windows的缩小版本，用于安装操作系统，你可以用PE引导一个没有操作系统的机器，分区格式化后把磁盘镜像copy到系统分区上，并从一个网络共享上启动安装程序。
This really means two things: the windowsPE pass is equivalent to the first phase of Windows Setup, but it’s also something standalone by itself. So by configuring answer file settings for this pass you can either control how the Windows Setup process initiates or you can control how Windows PE works in and of itself.
这意味着两件事情：windowsPE过程等同于Windows安装的第一阶段，但自己也有某些独立的东西。在这个过程里，你既可以控制Windows安装程序，也可以控制PE进行某些操作。
Most of the answer file settings for the windowsPE pass are found under the x86_Microsoft-Windows-Setup component (Figure 2) of which we’ll have more to talk about in a future article:
大部分windowsPE过程的设置可以在x86_Microsoft-Windows-Setup组件里找到。


Pass 2 offlineServicing
Settings for this configuration pass can be used to do things like add additional drivers, security updates, hotfixes, language packs, and other packages to your Windows Image (WIM) file. Note that you can’t add boot-critical drivers during this pass—these must be added during the windowsPE pass described above, otherwise Windows PE won’t be able to boot your system. Note also that you can’t add service packs using this pass—or at least, you can’t use this pass to add SP1 to a Vista RTM image, the reason being that Microsoft made some architectural changes to the servicing stack in VistaSP1 and the servicing stack can’t update itself.
在这个pass中我们可以做一些诸如添加驱动、添加安全补丁、语言包到wim文件中的操作。注意到你不能添加一些和引导相关的驱动——他们必须在windowsPE阶段添加，否则Windows PE 不能引导你的系统。你也不能在这个pass中添加服务包，至少你不能把Vista的RTM变成SP1版本。这是由于SP1中微软修改了一些服务栈的架构，而这些服务栈是不能自更新的。
From the perspective of running Windows Setup, the offlineServicing pass happens during the second phase of Setup after the .wim file has been copied to the system’s hard disk. This is because the image has to be applied to the hard drive before it can be serviced by Package Manager, the built-in tool in Vista that is used for applying updates, fixes and packages to the image (more . Package Manager in a later article in this series). It’s a bit more complicated that that however, since you can also use the offlineServicing pass to apply packages to an offline Windows image, a process that is known as servicing the image.
offlineServicing pass在安装过程的第二阶段，wim文件被拷贝到系统盘后发生。这是因为这是因为镜像被应用后才能使用包管理器和一些内置的工具来进行修改镜像。
Many of the settings for the offlineServicing pass are found under x86_Microsoft-Windows-Shell-Setup, but there are lots of others as well (such as those under the Packages node in Windows SIM) which we’ll examine in due course.
大部分offlineServicing pass可以在x86_Microsoft-Windows-Shell-Setup中找到，但其他地方也有很多，比如Packages节点下。

Pass 3 specialize
This pass is used to configure system-specific settings such as network settings, internationalization, domain membership, and so .. There are numerous answer file components that can be added for this pass which we’ll examine later.
这个pass用于一些系统相关的设置，例如网络设置，国家设置、域关系等等。有非常多的应答文件组件相关。
From the perspective of running Windows Setup, the specialize pass corresponds to the second part of the second phase of Setup (i.e. between the first and second reboots of your system) but there’s more this pass can do depending . the deployment scenario you’re working with. That’s because the specialize pass can also be used together with the generalize pass as described next.
specialize pass发生于安装的第二阶段的第二部分。（例如在第一次和第二次重启系统之间）但取决于你的部署方案，这个pass能做的更多。这是因为specialize pass能与generalize pass一同协作

Pass 4 generalize
This pass is closely tied to using the sysprep /generalize command. Sysprep , the System Preparation Tool, is used mainly to prepare an image for deployment .to multiple destination computers. We’ll look at Sysprep later . when we examine the various scenarios for deploying Vista, but here’s a quick bird’s-eye view from 10,000 meters: the generalize pass is used to create your reference image of Windows, while the specialize pass can then be used to apply different customizations to this reference image for different uses.
这个pass和sysprep /generalize命令紧密相连。generalize pass用于创建你的参考机镜像，而specialize pass则可用于不同的定制用于不同的用途。

Pass 5 auditSystem
This pass happens .ly when Setup is running in audit mode using the sysprep /audit command. Audit mode is used in certain deployment scenarios for adding various customizations to a Windows image and bypasses the final Windows Welcome phase of Setup. Whatever takes place during the auditSystem pass happens in the context of the Local System account and occurs before the user logs .to the computer.
只有我们sysprep /audit运行时这个pass才会发生。审计模式用于某种加入各种自定义内容的镜像的部署方案，会跳过最终的Windows欢迎阶段。无论在发生什么，auditSystem pass以本地系统账号运行，在用户登录前作用.
Pass 6 auditUser
This pass is similar to auditSystem (i.e. it .ly happens when Setup is running in audit mode) except that whatever happens during this pass occurs in the context of the user’s account and takes place after the user has logged . to his computer.
这个pass与auditSystem类似，仅发生于审计模式中，但他运行于用户模式，并且在用户登录后才作用。
Pass 7 oobeSystem
This final configuration pass corresponds to the beginning of the third and final phase of Setup and is used to configure happens during the Windows Welcome phase of Setup.
最后一个配置过程发生于最后一个安装阶段，用于配置那些Windows欢迎界面的设置。




For a very basic unattended install of Vista, you may .ly need to configure settings for the windowsPE and oobeSystem passes. For more complex install scenarios, you could also configure settings for the specialize pass, and if you need to add updates, fixes or other components during your unattended install you can configure offlineServicing pass settings as well.
最基本的无人职守安装Vista，你仅仅需要配置windowsPE和oobeSystem pass。对于更复杂的方案，你需要配置specialize pass，如果你需要添加补丁等等你就要配置offlineServicing。