Check Access Rights to File/Directory on NTFS Volume
2008-11-13 18:21
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More information: Windows NT/2000/XP has API function AccessCheck, which in fact checks access rights to every operating system object, which supports access rights. This function is called implicitly by system every time user accesses such object. To call AccessCheck function explicitly it is necessary to carry out a whole series of operations with data structures responsible for OS security and call some other functions.
To simplify working with access rights to objects of NTFS file system (files, directories) I have written CheckFileAccess function which assumes all this hard work.
Here is description of this function:
CheckFileAccess(Filename As String, _
ByVal DesiredAccess As Long) As Long,
where:
Filename - file or directory full path.
Directory path must not end on "/" character.
DesiredAccess - desired access rights bit mask.
The function returns a bit mask which consists of those bits of desired bit mask, which correspond with allowed access rights. In case of access rights to given file or directory not supported, the function returns -1 value.
As desired access mask you may use any combination with OR operator of constants from the beginning of CheckFileAccess function listing. The most popular of them are:
FILE_GENERIC_READ - read access,
FILE_GENERIC_WRITE - write access,
FILE_GENERIC_EXECUTE - execute access,
DELETE - delete access,
WRITE_DAC - change access rights access,
WRITE_OWNER - change owner access,
FILE_ALL_ACCESS - full access,
MAXIMUM_ALLOWED - maximal allowed access.
It is also possible to use constants, applicable to any secure OS objects:
GENERIC_READ - read access,
GENERIC_WRITE - write access,
GENERIC_EXECUTE - execute access,
GENERIC_ALL - full access,
but in this case the function returns correspondingly values FILE_GENERIC_READ, FILE_GENERIC_WRITE, FILE_GENERIC_EXECUTE, FILE_ALL_ACCESS (of course, if correspondent rights exist).
For example, to find out whether exists read and write access to the file "d:/Test.tmp", it is possible to use two ways:
Way 1:
This code has been viewed 78147 times.
Instructions: Copy the declarations and code below and paste directly into your VB project.
'PUT IN MODULE
Option Explicit
' ********************************************
' * ?2000 Sergey Merzlikin *
' ********************************************
' Desired access rights constants
Public Const MAXIMUM_ALLOWED As Long =
Public Const DELETE As Long =
Public Const READ_CONTROL As Long =
Public Const WRITE_DAC As Long =
Public Const WRITE_OWNER As Long =
Public Const SYNCHRONIZE As Long =
Public Const STANDARD_RIGHTS_READ As Long = READ_CONTROL
Public Const STANDARD_RIGHTS_WRITE As Long = READ_CONTROL
Public Const STANDARD_RIGHTS_EXECUTE As Long = READ_CONTROL
Public Const STANDARD_RIGHTS_REQUIRED As Long =
Public Const FILE_READ_DATA As Long = &H1 ' file & pipe
Public Const FILE_LIST_DIRECTORY As Long = &H1 ' directory
Public Const FILE_ADD_FILE As Long = &H2 ' directory
Public Const FILE_WRITE_DATA As Long = &H2 ' file & pipe
Public Const FILE_CREATE_PIPE_INSTANCE As Long = &H4 ' named pipe
Public Const FILE_ADD_SUBDIRECTORY As Long = &H4 ' directory
Public Const FILE_APPEND_DATA As Long = &H4 ' file
Public Const FILE_READ_EA As Long = &H8 ' file & directory
Public Const FILE_READ_PROPERTIES As Long = FILE_READ_EA
Public Const FILE_WRITE_EA As Long = &H10 ' file & directory
Public Const FILE_WRITE_PROPERTIES As Long = FILE_WRITE_EA
Public Const FILE_EXECUTE As Long = &H20 ' file
Public Const FILE_TRAVERSE As Long = &H20 ' directory
Public Const FILE_DELETE_CHILD As Long = &H40 ' directory
Public Const FILE_READ_ATTRIBUTES As Long = &H80 ' all
Public Const FILE_WRITE_ATTRIBUTES As Long = &H100 ' all
Public Const FILE_GENERIC_READ As Long = (STANDARD_RIGHTS_READ _
Or FILE_READ_DATA Or FILE_READ_ATTRIBUTES _
Or FILE_READ_EA Or SYNCHRONIZE)
Public Const FILE_GENERIC_WRITE As Long = (STANDARD_RIGHTS_WRITE _
Or FILE_WRITE_DATA Or FILE_WRITE_ATTRIBUTES _
Or FILE_WRITE_EA Or FILE_APPEND_DATA Or SYNCHRONIZE)
Public Const FILE_GENERIC_EXECUTE As Long = (STANDARD_RIGHTS_EXECUTE _
Or FILE_READ_ATTRIBUTES Or FILE_EXECUTE Or SYNCHRONIZE)
Public Const FILE_ALL_ACCESS As Long = (STANDARD_RIGHTS_REQUIRED _
Or SYNCHRONIZE Or &H1FF&)
Public Const GENERIC_READ As Long =
Public Const GENERIC_WRITE As Long =
Public Const GENERIC_EXECUTE As Long =
Public Const GENERIC_ALL As Long =
' Types, constants and functions
' to work with access rights
Public Const OWNER_SECURITY_INFORMATION As Long =
Public Const GROUP_SECURITY_INFORMATION As Long =
Public Const DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION As Long =
Public Const TOKEN_QUERY As Long = 8
Public Const SecurityImpersonation As Integer = 3
Public Const ANYSIZE_ARRAY = 1
Public Type GENERIC_MAPPING
GenericRead As Long
GenericWrite As Long
GenericExecute As Long
GenericAll As Long
End Type
Public Type LUID
LowPart As Long
HighPart As Long
End Type
Public Type LUID_AND_ATTRIBUTES
pLuid As LUID
Attributes As Long
End Type
Public Type PRIVILEGE_SET
PrivilegeCount As Long
Control As Long
Privilege(ANYSIZE_ARRAY) As LUID_AND_ATTRIBUTES
End Type
Public Declare Function GetFileSecurity Lib "advapi32.dll" _
Alias "GetFileSecurityA" (ByVal lpFileName As String, _
ByVal RequestedInformation As Long, pSecurityDescriptor As Byte, _
ByVal nLength As Long, lpnLengthNeeded As Long) As Long
Public Declare Function AccessCheck Lib "advapi32.dll" _
(pSecurityDescriptor As Byte, ByVal ClientToken As Long, _
ByVal DesiredAccess As Long, GenericMapping As GENERIC_MAPPING, _
PrivilegeSet As PRIVILEGE_SET, PrivilegeSetLength As Long, _
GrantedAccess As Long, Status As Long) As Long
Public Declare Function ImpersonateSelf Lib "advapi32.dll" _
(ByVal ImpersonationLevel As Integer) As Long
Public Declare Function RevertToSelf Lib "advapi32.dll" () As Long
Public Declare Sub MapGenericMask Lib "advapi32.dll" (AccessMask As Long, _
GenericMapping As GENERIC_MAPPING)
Public Declare Function OpenThreadToken Lib "advapi32.dll" _
(ByVal ThreadHandle As Long, ByVal DesiredAccess As Long, _
ByVal OpenAsSelf As Long, TokenHandle As Long) As Long
Public Declare Function GetCurrentThread Lib "kernel32" () As Long
Public Declare Function CloseHandle Lib "kernel32" _
(ByVal hObject As Long) As Long
' Types, constants and functions for OS version detection
Public Type OSVERSIONINFO
dwOSVersionInfoSize As Long
dwMajorVersion As Long
dwMinorVersion As Long
dwBuildNumber As Long
dwPlatformId As Long
szCSDVersion As String * 128
End Type
Public Const VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_NT As Long = 2
Public Declare Function GetVersionEx Lib "kernel32" Alias "GetVersionExA" _
(lpVersionInformation As OSVERSIONINFO) As Long
' Constant and function for detection of support
' of access rights by file system
Public Const FS_PERSISTENT_ACLS As Long =
Public Declare Function GetVolumeInformation Lib "kernel32" _
Alias "GetVolumeInformationA" (ByVal lpRootPathName As String, _
ByVal lpVolumeNameBuffer As String, ByVal nVolumeNameSize As Long, _
lpVolumeSerialNumber As Long, lpMaximumComponentLength As Long, _
lpFileSystemFlags As Long, ByVal lpFileSystemNameBuffer As String, _
ByVal nFileSystemNameSize As Long) As Long
' *-----------------------------------------------------------------------*
' CheckFileAccess function checks access rights to given file.
' DesiredAccess - bitmask of desired access rights.
' The function returns bitmask, which contains those bits of desired bitmask,
' which correspond with existing access rights.
Private Function CheckFileAccess(Filename As String, _
ByVal DesiredAccess As Long) As Long
Dim r As Long, SecDesc() As Byte, SDSize As Long, hToken As Long
Dim PrivSet As PRIVILEGE_SET, GenMap As GENERIC_MAPPING
Dim Volume As String, FSFlags As Long
' Checking OS type
If Not IsNT() Then
' Rights not supported. Returning -1.
CheckFileAccess = -1
Exit Function
End If
' Checking access rights support by file system
If Left$(Filename, 2) = "//" Then
' Path in UNC format. Extracting share name from it
r = InStr(3, Filename, "/")
If r = 0 Then
Volume = Filename & "/"
Else
Volume = Left$(Filename, r)
End If
ElseIf Mid$(Filename, 2, 2) = ":/" Then
' Path begins with drive letter
Volume = Left$(Filename, 3)
'Else
' If path not set, we are leaving Volume blank.
' It retutns information about current drive.
End If
' Getting information about drive
GetVolumeInformation Volume, vbNullString, 0, ByVal 0&, _
ByVal 0&, FSFlags, vbNullString, 0
If (FSFlags And FS_PERSISTENT_ACLS) = 0 Then
' Rights not supported. Returning -1.
CheckFileAccess = -1
Exit Function
End If
' Determination of buffer size
GetFileSecurity Filename, OWNER_SECURITY_INFORMATION _
Or GROUP_SECURITY_INFORMATION _
Or DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION, 0, 0, SDSize
If Err.LastDllError <> 122 Then
' Rights not supported. Returning -1.
CheckFileAccess = -1
Exit Function
End If
If SDSize = 0 Then Exit Function
' Buffer allocation
ReDim SecDesc(1 To SDSize)
' Once more call of function
' to obtain Security Descriptor
If GetFileSecurity(Filename, OWNER_SECURITY_INFORMATION _
Or GROUP_SECURITY_INFORMATION _
Or DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION, _
SecDesc(1), SDSize, SDSize) = 0 Then
' Error. We must return no access rights.
Exit Function
End If
' Adding Impersonation Token for thread
ImpersonateSelf SecurityImpersonation
' Opening of Token of current thread
OpenThreadToken GetCurrentThread(), TOKEN_QUERY, 0, hToken
If hToken <> 0 Then
' Filling GenericMask type
GenMap.GenericRead = FILE_GENERIC_READ
GenMap.GenericWrite = FILE_GENERIC_WRITE
GenMap.GenericExecute = FILE_GENERIC_EXECUTE
GenMap.GenericAll = FILE_ALL_ACCESS
' Conversion of generic rights
' to specific file access rights
MapGenericMask DesiredAccess, GenMap
' Checking access
AccessCheck SecDesc(1), hToken, DesiredAccess, GenMap, _
PrivSet, Len(PrivSet), CheckFileAccess, r
CloseHandle hToken
End If
' Deleting Impersonation Token
RevertToSelf
End Function
' *-----------------------------------------------------------------------*
' IsNT() function returns True, if the program works
' in Windows NT or Windows 2000 operating system, and False
' otherwise.
Private Function IsNT() As Boolean
Dim OSVer As OSVERSIONINFO
OSVer.dwOSVersionInfoSize = Len(OSVer)
GetVersionEx OSVer
IsNT = (OSVer.dwPlatformId = VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_NT)
End Function
' *-----------------------------------------------------------------------*
To simplify working with access rights to objects of NTFS file system (files, directories) I have written CheckFileAccess function which assumes all this hard work.
Here is description of this function:
CheckFileAccess(Filename As String, _
ByVal DesiredAccess As Long) As Long,
where:
Filename - file or directory full path.
Directory path must not end on "/" character.
DesiredAccess - desired access rights bit mask.
The function returns a bit mask which consists of those bits of desired bit mask, which correspond with allowed access rights. In case of access rights to given file or directory not supported, the function returns -1 value.
As desired access mask you may use any combination with OR operator of constants from the beginning of CheckFileAccess function listing. The most popular of them are:
FILE_GENERIC_READ - read access,
FILE_GENERIC_WRITE - write access,
FILE_GENERIC_EXECUTE - execute access,
DELETE - delete access,
WRITE_DAC - change access rights access,
WRITE_OWNER - change owner access,
FILE_ALL_ACCESS - full access,
MAXIMUM_ALLOWED - maximal allowed access.
It is also possible to use constants, applicable to any secure OS objects:
GENERIC_READ - read access,
GENERIC_WRITE - write access,
GENERIC_EXECUTE - execute access,
GENERIC_ALL - full access,
but in this case the function returns correspondingly values FILE_GENERIC_READ, FILE_GENERIC_WRITE, FILE_GENERIC_EXECUTE, FILE_ALL_ACCESS (of course, if correspondent rights exist).
For example, to find out whether exists read and write access to the file "d:/Test.tmp", it is possible to use two ways:
Way 1:
Dim AccessRead As Boolean, AccessWrite As Boolean
AccessRead = CheckFileAccess("d:/Test.tmp", _
FILE_GENERIC_READ) = FILE_GENERIC_READ
AccessWrite = CheckFileAccess("d:/Test.tmp", _
FILE_GENERIC_WRITE) = FILE_GENERIC_WRITEWay 2: Dim AccessRead As Boolean, AccessWrite As Boolean
Dim AccessMask As Long
AccessMask = CheckFileAccess("d:/Test.tmp", MAXIMUM_ALLOWED)
AccessRead = (AccessMask _
And FILE_GENERIC_READ) = FILE_GENERIC_READ
AccessWrite = (AccessMask _
And FILE_GENERIC_WRITE) = FILE_GENERIC_WRITEIn the first case call of CheckFileAccess function performs twice, in second case intermediate variable used.This code has been viewed 78147 times.
Instructions: Copy the declarations and code below and paste directly into your VB project.
'PUT IN MODULE
Option Explicit
' ********************************************
' * ?2000 Sergey Merzlikin *
' ********************************************
' Desired access rights constants
Public Const MAXIMUM_ALLOWED As Long =
Public Const DELETE As Long =
Public Const READ_CONTROL As Long =
Public Const WRITE_DAC As Long =
Public Const WRITE_OWNER As Long =
Public Const SYNCHRONIZE As Long =
Public Const STANDARD_RIGHTS_READ As Long = READ_CONTROL
Public Const STANDARD_RIGHTS_WRITE As Long = READ_CONTROL
Public Const STANDARD_RIGHTS_EXECUTE As Long = READ_CONTROL
Public Const STANDARD_RIGHTS_REQUIRED As Long =
Public Const FILE_READ_DATA As Long = &H1 ' file & pipe
Public Const FILE_LIST_DIRECTORY As Long = &H1 ' directory
Public Const FILE_ADD_FILE As Long = &H2 ' directory
Public Const FILE_WRITE_DATA As Long = &H2 ' file & pipe
Public Const FILE_CREATE_PIPE_INSTANCE As Long = &H4 ' named pipe
Public Const FILE_ADD_SUBDIRECTORY As Long = &H4 ' directory
Public Const FILE_APPEND_DATA As Long = &H4 ' file
Public Const FILE_READ_EA As Long = &H8 ' file & directory
Public Const FILE_READ_PROPERTIES As Long = FILE_READ_EA
Public Const FILE_WRITE_EA As Long = &H10 ' file & directory
Public Const FILE_WRITE_PROPERTIES As Long = FILE_WRITE_EA
Public Const FILE_EXECUTE As Long = &H20 ' file
Public Const FILE_TRAVERSE As Long = &H20 ' directory
Public Const FILE_DELETE_CHILD As Long = &H40 ' directory
Public Const FILE_READ_ATTRIBUTES As Long = &H80 ' all
Public Const FILE_WRITE_ATTRIBUTES As Long = &H100 ' all
Public Const FILE_GENERIC_READ As Long = (STANDARD_RIGHTS_READ _
Or FILE_READ_DATA Or FILE_READ_ATTRIBUTES _
Or FILE_READ_EA Or SYNCHRONIZE)
Public Const FILE_GENERIC_WRITE As Long = (STANDARD_RIGHTS_WRITE _
Or FILE_WRITE_DATA Or FILE_WRITE_ATTRIBUTES _
Or FILE_WRITE_EA Or FILE_APPEND_DATA Or SYNCHRONIZE)
Public Const FILE_GENERIC_EXECUTE As Long = (STANDARD_RIGHTS_EXECUTE _
Or FILE_READ_ATTRIBUTES Or FILE_EXECUTE Or SYNCHRONIZE)
Public Const FILE_ALL_ACCESS As Long = (STANDARD_RIGHTS_REQUIRED _
Or SYNCHRONIZE Or &H1FF&)
Public Const GENERIC_READ As Long =
Public Const GENERIC_WRITE As Long =
Public Const GENERIC_EXECUTE As Long =
Public Const GENERIC_ALL As Long =
' Types, constants and functions
' to work with access rights
Public Const OWNER_SECURITY_INFORMATION As Long =
Public Const GROUP_SECURITY_INFORMATION As Long =
Public Const DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION As Long =
Public Const TOKEN_QUERY As Long = 8
Public Const SecurityImpersonation As Integer = 3
Public Const ANYSIZE_ARRAY = 1
Public Type GENERIC_MAPPING
GenericRead As Long
GenericWrite As Long
GenericExecute As Long
GenericAll As Long
End Type
Public Type LUID
LowPart As Long
HighPart As Long
End Type
Public Type LUID_AND_ATTRIBUTES
pLuid As LUID
Attributes As Long
End Type
Public Type PRIVILEGE_SET
PrivilegeCount As Long
Control As Long
Privilege(ANYSIZE_ARRAY) As LUID_AND_ATTRIBUTES
End Type
Public Declare Function GetFileSecurity Lib "advapi32.dll" _
Alias "GetFileSecurityA" (ByVal lpFileName As String, _
ByVal RequestedInformation As Long, pSecurityDescriptor As Byte, _
ByVal nLength As Long, lpnLengthNeeded As Long) As Long
Public Declare Function AccessCheck Lib "advapi32.dll" _
(pSecurityDescriptor As Byte, ByVal ClientToken As Long, _
ByVal DesiredAccess As Long, GenericMapping As GENERIC_MAPPING, _
PrivilegeSet As PRIVILEGE_SET, PrivilegeSetLength As Long, _
GrantedAccess As Long, Status As Long) As Long
Public Declare Function ImpersonateSelf Lib "advapi32.dll" _
(ByVal ImpersonationLevel As Integer) As Long
Public Declare Function RevertToSelf Lib "advapi32.dll" () As Long
Public Declare Sub MapGenericMask Lib "advapi32.dll" (AccessMask As Long, _
GenericMapping As GENERIC_MAPPING)
Public Declare Function OpenThreadToken Lib "advapi32.dll" _
(ByVal ThreadHandle As Long, ByVal DesiredAccess As Long, _
ByVal OpenAsSelf As Long, TokenHandle As Long) As Long
Public Declare Function GetCurrentThread Lib "kernel32" () As Long
Public Declare Function CloseHandle Lib "kernel32" _
(ByVal hObject As Long) As Long
' Types, constants and functions for OS version detection
Public Type OSVERSIONINFO
dwOSVersionInfoSize As Long
dwMajorVersion As Long
dwMinorVersion As Long
dwBuildNumber As Long
dwPlatformId As Long
szCSDVersion As String * 128
End Type
Public Const VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_NT As Long = 2
Public Declare Function GetVersionEx Lib "kernel32" Alias "GetVersionExA" _
(lpVersionInformation As OSVERSIONINFO) As Long
' Constant and function for detection of support
' of access rights by file system
Public Const FS_PERSISTENT_ACLS As Long =
Public Declare Function GetVolumeInformation Lib "kernel32" _
Alias "GetVolumeInformationA" (ByVal lpRootPathName As String, _
ByVal lpVolumeNameBuffer As String, ByVal nVolumeNameSize As Long, _
lpVolumeSerialNumber As Long, lpMaximumComponentLength As Long, _
lpFileSystemFlags As Long, ByVal lpFileSystemNameBuffer As String, _
ByVal nFileSystemNameSize As Long) As Long
' *-----------------------------------------------------------------------*
' CheckFileAccess function checks access rights to given file.
' DesiredAccess - bitmask of desired access rights.
' The function returns bitmask, which contains those bits of desired bitmask,
' which correspond with existing access rights.
Private Function CheckFileAccess(Filename As String, _
ByVal DesiredAccess As Long) As Long
Dim r As Long, SecDesc() As Byte, SDSize As Long, hToken As Long
Dim PrivSet As PRIVILEGE_SET, GenMap As GENERIC_MAPPING
Dim Volume As String, FSFlags As Long
' Checking OS type
If Not IsNT() Then
' Rights not supported. Returning -1.
CheckFileAccess = -1
Exit Function
End If
' Checking access rights support by file system
If Left$(Filename, 2) = "//" Then
' Path in UNC format. Extracting share name from it
r = InStr(3, Filename, "/")
If r = 0 Then
Volume = Filename & "/"
Else
Volume = Left$(Filename, r)
End If
ElseIf Mid$(Filename, 2, 2) = ":/" Then
' Path begins with drive letter
Volume = Left$(Filename, 3)
'Else
' If path not set, we are leaving Volume blank.
' It retutns information about current drive.
End If
' Getting information about drive
GetVolumeInformation Volume, vbNullString, 0, ByVal 0&, _
ByVal 0&, FSFlags, vbNullString, 0
If (FSFlags And FS_PERSISTENT_ACLS) = 0 Then
' Rights not supported. Returning -1.
CheckFileAccess = -1
Exit Function
End If
' Determination of buffer size
GetFileSecurity Filename, OWNER_SECURITY_INFORMATION _
Or GROUP_SECURITY_INFORMATION _
Or DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION, 0, 0, SDSize
If Err.LastDllError <> 122 Then
' Rights not supported. Returning -1.
CheckFileAccess = -1
Exit Function
End If
If SDSize = 0 Then Exit Function
' Buffer allocation
ReDim SecDesc(1 To SDSize)
' Once more call of function
' to obtain Security Descriptor
If GetFileSecurity(Filename, OWNER_SECURITY_INFORMATION _
Or GROUP_SECURITY_INFORMATION _
Or DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION, _
SecDesc(1), SDSize, SDSize) = 0 Then
' Error. We must return no access rights.
Exit Function
End If
' Adding Impersonation Token for thread
ImpersonateSelf SecurityImpersonation
' Opening of Token of current thread
OpenThreadToken GetCurrentThread(), TOKEN_QUERY, 0, hToken
If hToken <> 0 Then
' Filling GenericMask type
GenMap.GenericRead = FILE_GENERIC_READ
GenMap.GenericWrite = FILE_GENERIC_WRITE
GenMap.GenericExecute = FILE_GENERIC_EXECUTE
GenMap.GenericAll = FILE_ALL_ACCESS
' Conversion of generic rights
' to specific file access rights
MapGenericMask DesiredAccess, GenMap
' Checking access
AccessCheck SecDesc(1), hToken, DesiredAccess, GenMap, _
PrivSet, Len(PrivSet), CheckFileAccess, r
CloseHandle hToken
End If
' Deleting Impersonation Token
RevertToSelf
End Function
' *-----------------------------------------------------------------------*
' IsNT() function returns True, if the program works
' in Windows NT or Windows 2000 operating system, and False
' otherwise.
Private Function IsNT() As Boolean
Dim OSVer As OSVERSIONINFO
OSVer.dwOSVersionInfoSize = Len(OSVer)
GetVersionEx OSVer
IsNT = (OSVer.dwPlatformId = VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_NT)
End Function
' *-----------------------------------------------------------------------*
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