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Timus 1531. Zones on a plane

2008-07-06 19:07 375 查看
Timus 1531. Zones on a plane 要求计算满足给定条件的简单多边形的个数。

1531. Zones on a plane

Time Limit: 1.0 second

Memory Limit: 64 MB



Consider zones zi on a plane which consist of triangles. Zone z1
consists of two right-angled isosceles triangles, forming a square. Zone
zn + 1 is produced from zone zn in the following way. For each
triangle from the previous zone, construct two isosceles right-angled
triangles on each of its two legs as a hypotenuse. Then, remove every
triangle that is a part of a zone with lower number. The remaining triangles
constitute the zone zn + 1.

Given an integer number n, find how many simple polygons constitute
the zone zn.

Input

There is a single integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 2000) on the first line
of the input.

Output

Output a single number — the number of simple polygons zone zn
consists of.

Samples

inputoutput
1
1
2
4
3
8
4
12
Problem Author: Dmitry Gozman

Problem Source: Dmitry Gozman Contest 1, Petrozavodsk training camp, January 2007

解答如下:

1 using System;

2

3 namespace Skyiv.Ben.Timus

4 {

5 // http://acm.timus.ru/problem.aspx?space=1&num=1531
6 sealed class T1531

7 {

8 static void Main()

9 {

Console.WriteLine(Zones(int.Parse(Console.ReadLine())));

}

static BigInteger Zones(int n)

{

if (n == 1) return 1;

if (n == 2) return 4;

BigInteger z = 4, c = 2;

for (int i = 3; i <= n; i++, z += c) if (i % 2 != 0) c *= 2;

return z;

}

}

}



注意,这个程序使用了 BigInteger 类,请到我的另一篇随笔 Timus 1013. K-based numbers. Version 3 中查看其源代码。

这道题目是说,在平原上有若干三角形组成的区域 Zi。Z1 包含两个等腰直角三角形,组成一个正方形。Zn+1 由 Zn 按以下方法生成:以 Zn 中的三角形的直角边作为新的等腰直角三角形的斜边,然后再移去 Zn 中的三角形,剩下的三角形就组成了 Zn+1。现在要求计算 Zn 中包含多少个简单多边形。

为了找出其中的规律,我们继续画图,一直画到 n = 8,如右图所示。然后在右图中数出 Zn 来,如下:

1, 4, 8, 12, 20, 28, 44, 60

我们发现,该数列后项减前项为:

3, 4, 4, 8, 8, 16, 16

除了第一个数 3 以外,其余各数依次为:

22, 22, 23, 23, 24, 24

这样,我们就得到以下递推公式 ( [x] 表示对 x 进行下取整 ):

Z1 = 1, Z2 = 4, Zn = Zn-1 + 2[(n+1)/2] (n > 2)

有了递推公式,写出相应的程序就非常容易了。由于 Z2000 ≈ 4.286 x 10301,所以程序中使用 BigInteger 类进行计算。
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