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MFC中多线程的应用

2008-04-01 16:23 323 查看
MFC中多线程的应用
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  我试着用自已的话来表述线程的概念,还有很短时间里编的一个小示例程序(不知恰当不?,也不知能说得清不..),见笑了.
  线程其实和标准的windows主程序(WinMain)没啥两样...主程序其实是一个特殊的线程,称为主线程而已,其实你完全可以把线程想象成和winmain一起**同时运行**,但是** 可以相互访问(即在一个地址空间) **的一些小的WinMain程序.它和主线程一样,里面可以创建窗口,获取消息,等等..
   由于线程们在一个地址空间且同时运行,所以会造成一些麻烦。因为我们编程都要用别人的函数库,而他们的函数库里面往往会有很多静态或全局的状态或中间变量,有着很复杂的相互依赖关系,如果执行某个功能不串行化(所谓串行化,也就是只能等一个功能调用返回后,另一个线程才能调用,不可以同时调用),就会造成大乱.这对线程来说,有术语称同步,windows为我们提供了很多同步的方法,MFC也提供了一些同步核心对象的类封装.对于某个功能调用库来说,叫线程安全.比如MFC的类库并不是线程安全的.
   现在我举个刚刚自编的例子来简单说明这些概念。下面的一个对话框应用是多线程的.演示两个小动画:
  (1)第一个动画由主线程的Timer来驱动,第二个动画由主线所创建的工作线程来驱动.分别显示在不同的位置.之所以我要加入Timer,也是为了形成线程驱动和timer驱动的对照,这是动画的两种驱动方式(还有在idle中驱动的)。
  (2)这两个动画永远是不同的.也就是比如:一个是变哭,一个就会变笑,等那个变笑了,这个就变哭.动画图片来自于OICQ中的Face目录下,一般同样的头像会oicq会带三个图片(*-1.bmp,*-2.bmp,*-3.bmp),*-2.bmp是变灰的图片,我就取了1和3的图片来作动画.
   这个程序的几个关键要注意的:
  (1)主线程用PostThreadMessage和工作线程通信.工作线程用PeekMessage来取回消息。为了简单起见,我只用了一个WM_QUIT的消息来指示工作线程退出.
  (2)主线程和工作线程同时调用了一个DisplayFace函数来进行动画显示.为了让两个动画一哭一笑做到不同,采用了CCriticalSection来进行同步.

  示例如下:
  (1)先用appwizards生成一个MFC的Dialog应用模板,假定对话框类为CTest01Dlg。
  (2)再添入两个oicq的bmp文件到资源中去
  (3)添加一个按钮(button)到对话框上.用作启动、停止动画的button
  (4)用ClassWizard为button/onclick及dlg/ontimer生成事件响应函数,
  (5)用Resource Symbol加入一个标识定义IDC_TIMER1
  (6)在ClassView中为CTest01Dlg加入以下成员变量和成员函数
    CriticalSection ccs;
    CBitmap bm[2];
    CWinThread* pMyThread;
    static UINT MyThreadProc( LPVOID pParam);
    void DisplayFace(CPoint r);
    实现文件中加入相应代码(见下面)
  (7)stdafx.h中加入#include
  源代码如下,凡是我新加的代码周围都有注释包围,其它是ClassWizards自动写的:
  // stdafx.h : include file for standard system include files,
  // or project specific include files that are used frequently, but
  // are changed infrequently
  file://
   #if !defined(AFX_STDAFX_H__5B92DAA8_FE27_4702_8037_A2538343E69D__INCLUDED_)
   #define AFX_STDAFX_H__5B92DAA8_FE27_4702_8037_A2538343E69D__INCLUDED_
  #if _MSC_VER > 1000
  #pragma once
  #endif // _MSC_VER > 1000
  #define VC_EXTRALEAN // Exclude rarely-used stuff from Windows headers
  #include // MFC core and standard components
  #include // MFC extensions
  #include // MFC support for Internet Explorer 4 Common Controls
  file://加入头引用主要是CCriticalSection对象的定义.
  #include
  file://加入结束
  #ifndef _AFX_NO_AFXCMN_SUPPORT
  #include // MFC support for Windows Common Controls
  #endif // _AFX_NO_AFXCMN_SUPPORT
  file://{{AFX_INSERT_LOCATION}}
  // Microsoft Visual C++ will insert additional declarations immediately before the previous line.
  #endif // !defined(AFX_STDAFX_H__5B92DAA8_FE27_4702_8037_A2538343E69D__INCLUDED_)
  // test01Dlg.h : header file
  file://
  #if !defined(AFX_TEST01DLG_H__F3780E23_CCFC_468C_A262_50FFF1D991BC__INCLUDED_)
  #define AFX_TEST01DLG_H__F3780E23_CCFC_468C_A262_50FFF1D991BC__INCLUDED_
  #if _MSC_VER > 1000
  #pragma once
  #endif // _MSC_VER > 1000
  /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  // CTest01Dlg dialog
  class CTest01Dlg : public CDialog
  {
   // Construction
   public:
   file://加入
   CBitmap bm[2];
   CCriticalSection ccs;
   CWinThread* pMyThread;
   static UINT MyThreadProc( LPVOID pParam);
   void DisplayFace(CPoint r);
   CTest01Dlg(CWnd* pParent = NULL); // standard constructor
   file://加入结束
   // Dialog Data
   file://{{AFX_DATA(CTest01Dlg)
   enum { IDD = IDD_TEST01_DIALOG };
   // NOTE: the ClassWizard will add data members here
   file://}}AFX_DATA
   // ClassWizard generated virtual function overrides
   file://{{AFX_VIRTUAL(CTest01Dlg)
   protected:
   virtual void DoDataExchange(CDataExchange* pDX); // DDX/DDV support
   file://}}AFX_VIRTUAL
   // Implementation
   protected:
    HICON m_hIcon;
    // Generated message map functions
    file://{{AFX_MSG(CTest01Dlg)
    virtual BOOL OnInitDialog();
    afx_msg void OnSysCommand(UINT nID, LPARAM lParam);
    afx_msg void OnPaint();
    afx_msg HCURSOR OnQueryDragIcon();
    afx_msg void OnButton1();
    afx_msg void OnTimer(UINT nIDEvent);
   file://}}AFX_MSG
   DECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP()
   };
   file://{{AFX_INSERT_LOCATION}}
   // Microsoft Visual C++ will insert additional declarations immediately before the previous line.
   #endif // !defined(AFX_TEST01DLG_H__F3780E23_CCFC_468C_A262_50FFF1D991BC__INCLUDED_)
   // test01Dlg.cpp : implementation file
   file://
   #include "stdafx.h"
   #include "test01.h"
   #include "test01Dlg.h"
   #ifdef _DEBUG
   #define new DEBUG_NEW
   #undef THIS_FILE
   static char THIS_FILE[] = __FILE__;
   #endif
   /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
   // CAboutDlg dialog used for App About
   class CAboutDlg : public CDialog
    {
     public:
     CAboutDlg();
     // Dialog Data
     file://{{AFX_DATA(CAboutDlg)
     enum { IDD = IDD_ABOUTBOX };
     file://}}AFX_DATA
   // ClassWizard generated virtual function overrides
   file://{{AFX_VIRTUAL(CAboutDlg)
   protected:
   virtual void DoDataExchange(CDataExchange* pDX); // DDX/DDV support
   file://}}AFX_VIRTUAL
   // Implementation
   protected:
   file://{{AFX_MSG(CAboutDlg)
   file://}}AFX_MSG
   DECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP()
   };
   CAboutDlg::CAboutDlg() : CDialog(CAboutDlg::IDD)
   {
    file://{{AFX_DATA_INIT(CAboutDlg)
    file://}}AFX_DATA_INIT
   }
   void CAboutDlg::DoDataExchange(CDataExchange* pDX)
    {
     CDialog::DoDataExchange(pDX);
     file://{{AFX_DATA_MAP(CAboutDlg)
     file://}}AFX_DATA_MAP
    }
  BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(CAboutDlg, CDialog)
  file://{{AFX_MSG_MAP(CAboutDlg)
  // No message handlers
  file://}}AFX_MSG_MAP
  END_MESSAGE_MAP()
  /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  // CTest01Dlg dialog
  CTest01Dlg::CTest01Dlg(CWnd* pParent /*=NULL*/)
  : CDialog(CTest01Dlg::IDD, pParent)
   {
    file://{{AFX_DATA_INIT(CTest01Dlg)
    // NOTE: the ClassWizard will add member initialization here
    file://}}AFX_DATA_INIT
    // Note that LoadIcon does not require a subsequent DestroyIcon in Win32
    m_hIcon = AfxGetApp()->LoadIcon(IDR_MAINFRAME);
    file://加入
    pMyThread =NULL;
    file://加入结束
   }
  void CTest01Dlg::DoDataExchange(CDataExchange* pDX)
  {
   CDialog::DoDataExchange(pDX);
   file://{{AFX_DATA_MAP(CTest01Dlg)
   // NOTE: the ClassWizard will add DDX and DDV calls here
   file://}}AFX_DATA_MAP
  }
  BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(CTest01Dlg, CDialog)
   file://{{AFX_MSG_MAP(CTest01Dlg)
    ON_WM_SYSCOMMAND()
    ON_WM_PAINT()
    ON_WM_QUERYDRAGICON()
    ON_BN_CLICKED(IDC_BUTTON1, OnButton1)
    ON_WM_TIMER()
   file://}}AFX_MSG_MAP
   END_MESSAGE_MAP()
   /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
   // CTest01Dlg message handlers
   BOOL CTest01Dlg::OnInitDialog()
   {
    CDialog::OnInitDialog();
    // Add "About..." menu item to system menu.
    // IDM_ABOUTBOX must be in the system command range.
    ASSERT((IDM_ABOUTBOX & 0xFFF0) == IDM_ABOUTBOX);
    ASSERT(IDM_ABOUTBOX < 0xF000);
    CMenu* pSysMenu = GetSystemMenu(FALSE);
    if (pSysMenu != NULL)
     {
      CString strAboutMenu;
      strAboutMenu.LoadString(IDS_ABOUTBOX);
      if (!strAboutMenu.IsEmpty())
      {
       pSysMenu->AppendMenu(MF_SEPARATOR);
       pSysMenu->AppendMenu(MF_STRING, IDM_ABOUTBOX, strAboutMenu);
      }
     }
    // Set the icon for this dialog. The framework does this automatically
    // when the application''s main window is not a dialog
    SetIcon(m_hIcon, TRUE); // Set big icon
    SetIcon(m_hIcon, FALSE); // Set small icon
    // TODO: Add extra initialization here
    file://加入
    bm[0].LoadBitmap (IDB_BITMAP1);
    bm[1].LoadBitmap (IDB_BITMAP3);
    file://加入结束
    return TRUE; // return TRUE unless you set the focus to a control
   }
   void CTest01Dlg::OnSysCommand(UINT nID, LPARAM lParam)
   {
    if ((nID & 0xFFF0) == IDM_ABOUTBOX)
     {
      CAboutDlg dlgAbout;
      dlgAbout.DoModal();
     }
    else
     {
      CDialog::OnSysCommand(nID, lParam);
      }
    }
   void CTest01Dlg::OnPaint()
    {
     if (IsIconic())
      {
       CPaintDC dc(this); // device context for painting
       SendMessage(WM_ICONERASEBKGND, (WPARAM) dc.GetSafeHdc(), 0);
       // Center icon in client rectangle
       int cxIcon = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXICON);
       int cyIcon = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYICON);
       CRect rect;
       GetClientRect(&rect);
       int x = (rect.Width() - cxIcon + 1) / 2;
       int y = (rect.Height() - cyIcon + 1) / 2;
       // Draw the icon
       dc.DrawIcon(x, y, m_hIcon);
    }
    else
    {
     CDialog::OnPaint();
    }
   }
   HCURSOR CTest01Dlg::OnQueryDragIcon()
    {
     return (HCURSOR) m_hIcon;
     }
    file://加入
    void CTest01Dlg::OnButton1()
     {
      static BOOL bStarted=FALSE;
      if (!bStarted){
       SetTimer(IDC_TIMER1,500,NULL);
       pMyThread=AfxBeginThread(MyThreadProc,this);
      }else{
      if (pMyThread){
       pMyThread->PostThreadMessage (WM_QUIT,0,0);
       ::WaitForSingleObject(pMyThread->m_hThread ,INFINITE);
       pMyThread=NULL;
       }
       KillTimer(IDC_TIMER1);
      }
     bStarted=!bStarted;
     ((CButton*)GetDlgItem(IDC_BUTTON1))->SetWindowText((bStarted?_T("停止"):_T("启动")));
    }
    void CTest01Dlg::OnTimer(UINT nIDEvent)
    {
     if (nIDEvent==IDC_TIMER1)
      DisplayFace(CPoint(10,10));
      CDialog::OnTimer(nIDEvent);
     }
    void CTest01Dlg::DisplayFace(CPoint p)
     {
      static int i=0;
      ccs.Lock ();
      BITMAP bmo;
      bm[i].GetObject (sizeof(bmo),&bmo);
      CClientDC dc(this);
      CDC bmpDC;
      bmpDC.CreateCompatibleDC (&dc);
      bmpDC.SelectObject (&bm[i]);
      dc.BitBlt (p.x ,p.y ,bmo.bmWidth,bmo.bmHeight,&bmpDC,0,0,SRCCOPY);
      i++;
      if (i==sizeof(bm)/sizeof(bm[0])) i=0;
       ccs.Unlock ();
      }
     UINT CTest01Dlg::MyThreadProc(LPVOID pParam)
     {
      CTest01Dlg *me=(CTest01Dlg *)pParam;
      MSG msg;
      while(!PeekMessage(&msg,NULL,0,0,PM_NOREMOVE)){
       me->DisplayFace (CPoint(100,10));
       ::Sleep (200);
       }
      return 0;
    }
    file://加入结束
 

 
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