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JDK6.0新特性详解与代码示例

2008-03-20 21:44 1346 查看
JDK6.0新特性详解与代码示例
2007/03/22 21:34

JDK6.0, Mustang, 去年圣诞节前发布以来一直都没仔细看过。现在了解一下它的新特性。

以下转自:http://blog.csdn.net/xumingming64398966/archive/2007/01/19/1487811.aspx

1. Desktop和SystemTray.
在JDK6中 ,AWT新增加了两个类:Desktop和SystemTray,前者可以用来打开系统默认浏览器浏览指定的URL,打开系统默认邮件客户端给指定的邮箱 发邮件,用默认应用程序打开或编辑文件(比如,用记事本打开以txt为后缀名的文件),用系统默认的打印机打印文档;后者可以用来在系统托盘区创建一个托 盘程序。

我随便找了几张图,在Tray里面都是空的,没有图,可能是图太大,有xdjm知道希望告诉我.


import java.awt.AWTException;


import java.awt.Desktop;


import java.awt.Image;


import java.awt.MenuItem;


import java.awt.PopupMenu;


import java.awt.SystemTray;


import java.awt.Toolkit;


import java.awt.TrayIcon;


import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;


import java.awt.event.ActionListener;


import java.io.File;


import java.io.IOException;


import java.net.URI;


import java.net.URISyntaxException;






public class DesktopTrayTest ...{


private static Desktop desktop;


private static SystemTray st;


private static PopupMenu pm;






public static void main( String[] args ) ...{




if( Desktop.isDesktopSupported() ) ...{


desktop = Desktop.getDesktop();


}




if( SystemTray.isSupported() ) ...{


st = SystemTray.getSystemTray();


Image image = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().createImage( "http://www.51ppt.com.cn/Article/Uploadphotos/200604/20064147333288.png" );


createPopupMenu();


TrayIcon ti = new TrayIcon( image, "Demo", pm );




try...{


st.add( ti );




} catch( AWTException awte ) ...{


awte.printStackTrace();


}


}


}




public static void sendMail( String mail ) ...{


if( desktop != null &&




desktop.isSupported( Desktop.Action.MAIL ) ) ...{




try ...{


desktop.mail( new URI( mail ) );




} catch (IOException e) ...{


e.printStackTrace();




} catch (URISyntaxException e) ...{


e.printStackTrace();


}


}


}




public static void openBrowser( String url ) ...{


if( desktop != null &&




desktop.isSupported( Desktop.Action.BROWSE )) ...{




try ...{


desktop.browse( new URI( url ) );




} catch (IOException e) ...{


e.printStackTrace();




} catch (URISyntaxException e) ...{


e.printStackTrace();


}


}


}




public static void edit() ...{


if( desktop != null &&




desktop.isSupported( Desktop.Action.EDIT ) ) ...{


File file = new File( "test.txt" );




try ...{




if( file.exists() == false ) ...{


file.createNewFile();


}


desktop.edit( file );




} catch( IOException ioe ) ...{


ioe.printStackTrace();


}


}


}




public static void createPopupMenu() ...{


pm = new PopupMenu();


MenuItem ob = new MenuItem( "Open url" );




ob.addActionListener( new ActionListener() ...{




public void actionPerformed( ActionEvent ae ) ...{


openBrowser( "http://blog.csdn.net/xumingming64398966" );


}


});


MenuItem sm = new MenuItem( "Send Mail" );




sm.addActionListener( new ActionListener() ...{




public void actionPerformed( ActionEvent ae ) ...{


sendMail( "64398966@qq.com" );


}


});


MenuItem ed = new MenuItem( "Edit" );




ed.addActionListener( new ActionListener() ...{




public void actionPerformed( ActionEvent ae ) ...{


edit();


}


});


MenuItem ex = new MenuItem( "Exit" );




ex.addActionListener( new ActionListener() ...{




public void actionPerformed( ActionEvent ae ) ...{


System.exit( 0 );


}


});


pm.add( ob );


pm.add( sm );


pm.add( ed );


pm.addSeparator();


pm.add( ex );


}


}



2. Console.
JDK6中提供了java.io.Console类专用来访问基于字符的控制台设备. 你的程序如果要与Windows下的cmd或者Linux下的Terminal交互,就可以用Console类代劳. 但我们不总是能得到可用的Console, 一个JVM是否有可用的Console依赖于底层平台和JVM如何被调用. 如果JVM是在交互式命令行(比如Windows的cmd)中启动的,并且输入输出没有重定向到另外的地方,那么就可以得到一个可用的Console实 例. 下面代码演示了Console类的用法:


import java.io.Console;






public class ConsoleTest ...{




public static void main( String[] args ) ...{


Console console = System.console();




if( console != null ) ...{


String user = new String( console.readLine( "Enter User:", new Object[ 0 ] ) );


String pwd = new String( console.readPassword( "Enter Password:", new Object[ 0 ] ));




console.printf( "User name is:%s", new Object[]...{user} );




console.printf( "Password is:%s", new Object[]...{pwd} );




} else ...{


System.out.println( "No Console!" );


}


}


}



你如果是在一个IDE中如eclipse, netbeans中运行你将得到:
No Console!
因为只有在命令行中才能得到Console对象。

3. Compiler API.
现在我们可以用JDK6 的Compiler API(JSR 199)去动态编译Java源文件,Compiler API结合反射功能就可以实现动态的产生Java代码并编译执行这些代码,有点动态语言的特征。这个特性对于某些需要用到动态编译的应用程序相当有用,比 如JSP Web Server,当我们手动修改JSP后,是不希望需要重启Web Server才可以看到效果的,这时候我们就可以用Compiler API来实现动态编译JSP文件,当然,现在的JSP Web Server也是支持JSP热部署的,现在的JSP Web Server通过在运行期间通过Runtime.exec或ProcessBuilder来调用javac来编译代码,这种方式需要我们产生另一个进程去 做编译工作,不够优雅而且容易使代码依赖与特定的操作系统;Compiler API通过一套易用的标准的API提供了更加丰富的方式去做动态编译,而且是跨平台的。 下面代码演示了Compiler API的使用:


import java.io.BufferedWriter;


import java.io.FileWriter;


import java.io.IOException;


import java.util.Iterator;




import javax.tools.JavaCompiler;


import javax.tools.JavaFileObject;


import javax.tools.StandardJavaFileManager;


import javax.tools.ToolProvider;






public class CompilerAPITest ...{


private final static String srcFileName = "Test.java";


private final static String classFileName = "Test.class";


private final static String className = "Test";






public static void main( String[] args ) ...{


JavaCompiler compiler = ToolProvider.getSystemJavaCompiler();




if( compiler == null ) ...{


System.err.println( "Compiler is null!" );


return;


}


StandardJavaFileManager fileManager = compiler.getStandardFileManager( null, null, null );


generateJavaClass();






Iterable < ? extends JavaFileObject> sourceFiles = fileManager.getJavaFileObjects( new String[]...{ srcFileName } );


compiler.getTask( null, fileManager, null, null, null, sourceFiles ).call();




try ...{


fileManager.close();


Class.forName( className ).newInstance();




} catch (IOException e) ...{


e.printStackTrace();




} catch (InstantiationException e) ...{


e.printStackTrace();




} catch (IllegalAccessException e) ...{


e.printStackTrace();




} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) ...{


e.printStackTrace();


}


}






public static void generateJavaClass() ...{




try ...{


FileWriter rw = new FileWriter( srcFileName );


BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter( rw );


bw.write( "public class " + className + " {" );


bw.newLine();




bw.write( "public " + className + "() {");


bw.newLine();


bw.write( "System.out.println( 'you are in the constructor of Class Test' );" );


bw.write( "}" );


bw.newLine();




bw.write( "}" );


bw.flush();


bw.close();




} catch (IOException e) ...{


e.printStackTrace();


}


}


}



我在运行这个例子的时候发现ToolProvider.getSystemJavaCompiler得到的是NULL,后来上网一查,原来是一个Bug!链接如下:
http://bugs.sun.com/bugdatabase/view_bug.do?bug_id=6477844

Closed, not reproducible
那为什么我一直在reproduce阿?

4. Http Server API.
JDK6提供了一个简单的Http Server API,据此我们可以构建自己的嵌入式Http Server,它支持Http和Https协议,提供了HTTP1.1的部分实现,没有被实现的那部分可以通过扩展已有的Http Server API来实现,程序员必须自己实现HttpHandler接口,HttpServer会调用HttpHandler实现类的回调方法来处理客户端请求,在 这里,我们把一个Http请求和它的响应称为一个交换,包装成HttpExchange类,HttpServer负责将HttpExchange传给 HttpHandler实现类的回调方法.下面代码演示了怎样创建自己的Http Server .


import java.io.IOException;


import java.io.InputStream;


import java.io.OutputStream;


import java.net.InetSocketAddress;




import com.sun.net.httpserver.HttpExchange;


import com.sun.net.httpserver.HttpHandler;


import com.sun.net.httpserver.HttpServer;






public class HttpServerAPITest ...{


private static int count = 0;




public static void main( String[] args ) ...{




try ...{


HttpServer hs = HttpServer.create( new InetSocketAddress( 8888 ), 0 );


hs.createContext( "/", new MyHandler() );


hs.createContext( "/java", new MyHandler() );


hs.setExecutor( null );


hs.start();


System.out.println( "---begin---" );


System.out.println( "Listening on " + hs.getAddress() );




} catch( IOException ioe ) ...{


ioe.printStackTrace();


}


}




static class MyHandler implements HttpHandler ...{




public void handle( HttpExchange he ) throws IOException ...{


System.out.println( "Request " + count++ );


System.out.println( he.getHttpContext().getPath() );




InputStream is = he.getRequestBody();


String response = "<font color='blue'>Happy Spring Festerval</font>";


he.sendResponseHeaders( 200, response.length() );


OutputStream os = he.getResponseBody();


os.write( response.getBytes() );


os.close();


}


}


}



5.对脚本语言的支持如: ruby, groovy, javascript.

代码如下:


import java.io.FileReader;




import javax.script.Invocable;


import javax.script.ScriptEngine;


import javax.script.ScriptEngineManager;






public class ScriptTest ...{




public static void main( String[] args ) ...{


ScriptEngineManager manager = new ScriptEngineManager();


ScriptEngine engine = manager.getEngineByName( "ECMAScript" );




try ...{


engine.eval( new FileReader( "C:/test.js" ) );


Invocable invocableEngine = (Invocable)engine;


Object ret = invocableEngine.invokeFunction( "test", null );


System.out.println( "The result is :" + (Double)ret );




} catch( Exception e ) ...{


e.printStackTrace();


}


}


}



test.js如下:




function test()...{


return Math.round( 11.2 );


}

6.插入式注解处理API(Pluggable Annotation Processing API),插入式注解处理API(JSR 269)提供一套标准API来处理Annotations.JSR 269用Annotation Processor在编译期间而不是运行期间处理Annotation, Annotation Processor相当于编译器的一个插件,所以称为插入式注解处理.如果Annotation Processor处理Annotation时(执行process方法)产生了新的Java代码,编译器会再调用一次Annotation Processor,如果第二次处理还有新代码产生,就会接着调用Annotation Processor,直到没有新代码产生为止.每执行一次process()方法被称为一个"round",这样整个Annotation processing过程可以看作是一个round的序列.
举个例子:们想建立一套基于Annotation的单元测试框架(如TestNG),在测试类里面用Annotation来标识测试期间需要执行的测试方法,如下所示:


@TestMethod




public void testCheckName()...{


//do something here


}

这时我们就可以用JSR 269提供的API来处理测试类,根据Annotation提取出需要执行的测试方法.

再举个例子: 下面我用代码演示如何来用JSR 269提供的API来处理Annotations和读取Java源文件的元数据(metadata)


import java.util.List;


import java.util.Map;


import java.util.Set;




import javax.annotation.processing.AbstractProcessor;


import javax.annotation.processing.RoundEnvironment;


import javax.annotation.processing.SupportedAnnotationTypes;


import javax.annotation.processing.SupportedSourceVersion;


import javax.lang.model.SourceVersion;


import javax.lang.model.element.AnnotationMirror;


import javax.lang.model.element.AnnotationValue;


import javax.lang.model.element.Element;


import javax.lang.model.element.ExecutableElement;


import javax.lang.model.element.TypeElement;


import javax.lang.model.util.ElementFilter;


import javax.tools.Diagnostic.Kind;




@SupportedAnnotationTypes( "ToBeTested" )


@SupportedSourceVersion( SourceVersion.RELEASE_6 )




public class MyAnnotationProcessor extends AbstractProcessor ...{




private void note( String msg ) ...{


processingEnv.getMessager().printMessage( Kind.NOTE, msg );


}




public boolean process( Set< ? extends TypeElement > annotations, RoundEnvironment roundEnv ) ...{




for( TypeElement te : annotations ) ...{


note( "annotation: " + te.toString() );


}


Set< ? extends Element > elements = roundEnv.getRootElements();




for( Element e : elements ) ...{


List< ? extends Element > enclosedElems = e.getEnclosedElements();


List< ? extends ExecutableElement > ees = ElementFilter.methodsIn( enclosedElems );




for( ExecutableElement ee : ees ) ...{


note( "Executable Element Name: " + ee.getSimpleName() );


List< ? extends AnnotationMirror > as = ee.getAnnotationMirrors();


note( " as: " + as );




for( AnnotationMirror am : as )...{


Map< ? extends ExecutableElement, ? extends AnnotationValue > map = am.getElementValues();


Set< ? extends ExecutableElement > ks = map.keySet();




for( ExecutableElement k : ks ) ...{


AnnotationValue av = map.get( k );


note("----"+ee.getSimpleName()+"."+k.getSimpleName()+"="+av.getValue());


}


}


}


}


return false;


}


}








public class Testing ...{


@ToBeTested(group="A")




public void m1()...{


}


@ToBeTested(group="B",owner="QQ")




public void m2()...{


}


}




import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;


import java.lang.annotation.Retention;


import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;


import java.lang.annotation.Target;




@Retention( RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME )


@Target( ElementType.METHOD )




public @interface ToBeTested ...{


String owner() default "Chinajash";


String group();


}



效果如下:



7.StAX.
StAX是The Streaming API for XML的缩写,是继DOM(Document Object Model)和SAX(Simple API for XML)之后的又一种处理xml的api,一种利用拉模式解析(pull-parsing)XML文档的API.StAX通过提供一种基于事件迭代器 (Iterator)的API让程序员去控制xml文档解析过程,程序遍历这个事件迭代器去处理每一个解析事件,解析事件可以看做是程序拉出来的,也就是 程序促使解析器产生一个解析事件然后处理该事件,之后又促使解析器产生下一个解析事件,如此循环直到碰到文档结束符;SAX也是基于事件处理xml文档, 但却是用推模式解析,解析器解析完整个xml文档后,才产生解析事件,然后推给程序去处理这些事件;DOM采用的方式是将整个xml文档映射到一颗内存 树,这样就可以很容易地得到父节点和子结点以及兄弟节点的数据,但如果文档很大,将会严重影响性能。

下面是个例子:


import java.io.FileNotFoundException;


import java.io.FileOutputStream;




import javax.xml.namespace.QName;


import javax.xml.stream.XMLEventReader;


import javax.xml.stream.XMLInputFactory;


import javax.xml.stream.XMLOutputFactory;


import javax.xml.stream.XMLStreamException;


import javax.xml.stream.XMLStreamWriter;


import javax.xml.stream.events.StartElement;


import javax.xml.stream.events.XMLEvent;






public class StaxTest ...{




public static void main( String[] arg ) throws XMLStreamException, FileNotFoundException ...{


readXMLByStAX();


writeXMLByStAX();


}




public static void readXMLByStAX() throws XMLStreamException, FileNotFoundException ...{


XMLInputFactory factory = XMLInputFactory.newInstance();


XMLEventReader reader = factory.createXMLEventReader( StaxTest.class.getResourceAsStream( "test.xml" ) );


XMLEvent event;


StringBuffer parsingResult = new StringBuffer();




while( reader.hasNext() ) ...{


event = reader.nextEvent();




if( event.isStartElement() ) ...{


StartElement se = event.asStartElement();


parsingResult.append( "<" );


parsingResult.append( se.getName() );




if( se.getName().getLocalPart().equals( "catalog" ) ) ...{


parsingResult.append( "id="" );


parsingResult.append( se.getAttributeByName( new QName( "id" ) ).getValue());


parsingResult.append( """ ) ;


}


parsingResult.append( ">" );




} else if( event.isCharacters() ) ...{


parsingResult.append( event.asCharacters().getData() );




} else if( event.isEndElement() ) ...{


parsingResult.append( "</" );


parsingResult.append( event.asEndElement().getName() );


parsingResult.append( ">" );


}


}


System.out.println( parsingResult );


}






public static void writeXMLByStAX() throws XMLStreamException, FileNotFoundException ...{


XMLOutputFactory factory = XMLOutputFactory.newInstance();


XMLStreamWriter writer = factory.createXMLStreamWriter( new FileOutputStream( "output.xml" ) );


writer.writeStartDocument();


writer.writeCharacters( " " );


writer.writeComment( "testing comment" );


writer.writeCharacters( " " );


writer.writeStartElement( "catalogs" );


writer.writeNamespace( "myNS", "http://blog.csdn.net/Chinajash" );


writer.writeAttribute( "owner", "sina" );


writer.writeCharacters( " " );


writer.writeStartElement("http://blog.csdn.net/Chinajash", "catalog");


writer.writeAttribute("id","007");


writer.writeCharacters("Apparel");


// 写入catalog元素的结束标签


writer.writeEndElement();


// 写入catalogs元素的结束标签


writer.writeEndElement();


// 结束 XML 文档


writer.writeEndDocument();


writer.close();




}


}



test.xml:


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>


<catalogs>


<catalog id="001">Book</catalog>


<catalog id="002">Video</catalog>


</catalogs>

8. Web Service.
由于Web服务日趋流行,利用Web服务的功能性的API特征正从最新的Java EE版本中向Java SE 6平台迁移。换言之,针对Web服务不需另外加入额外的工具,在Java EE和Java SE平台拥有相同的API。野马将大把不同的Web服务相关的API加到标准的工具柜中:以JSR 181针对Java 平台的Web服务元数据,通过JSR 224的基于XML 的Web服务Java API(JAX-WS);针对Java的带有附件的SOAP API(SAAJ)作为JSR 67 。与三个Web服务API相关的包新增到Java SE 6.0里:JAX-WS API 放置到javax.xml.ws包; SAAJ类在javax.xml.soap 包; Web服务的元数据类放置在javax.jws包里。 下面是一个简单的例子, 下面的代码是要作为web service发布的类。


package hello;


import javax.jws.WebService;


import javax.xml.ws.Endpoint;




@WebService




public class CircleFunctions ...{




public double getArea( int radius ) ...{


return Math.PI * radius * radius;


}




public double getCircumference( int radius ) ...{


return Math.PI * radius * 2;


}






public static void main( String[] args ) ...{


Endpoint.publish( "http://localhost:8888/WebServiceExample/circlefunctions", new CircleFunctions());


}


}



处理的方法如下:
javac -d ./ CircleFunctions.java
wsgen hello.CircleFunctions
java hello.CircleFunctions
然后在浏览器中输入如下url,你将得到一个xml页面:
http: //localhost:8888/WebServiceExample/circlefunctions?WSDL

参考网页:
1.Desktop和SystemTray. http://dev.yesky.com/411/3019911.shtml
2.Console. http://dev.yesky.com/133/3032133.shtml
3.Compiler API. http://developer.51cto.com/art/200701/37359.htm
4.HttpServer API. http://www.testage.net/QA/Dev/200701/1396.htm
5. 对脚本语言的支持http://blog.edwardro.com/read.php?167
6. 插入式注解处理API. http://ourconan.com.cn/article.php?itemid-2113-type-blog.html
7.StAX. http://ourconan.com.cn/article.php?itemid-2111-type-blog.html
8.Web Service. http://www.360doc.com/showWeb/0/0/298124.aspx
9.JDK1.5的Annotation
http://lzqdiy.bokee.com/viewdiary.14724866.html

JDK6.0新特性详解与代码示例
2007/03/22 21:34

JDK6.0, Mustang, 去年圣诞节前发布以来一直都没仔细看过。现在了解一下它的新特性。

以下转自:http://blog.csdn.net/xumingming64398966/archive/2007/01/19/1487811.aspx

1. Desktop和SystemTray.
在JDK6中 ,AWT新增加了两个类:Desktop和SystemTray,前者可以用来打开系统默认浏览器浏览指定的URL,打开系统默认邮件客户端给指定的邮箱 发邮件,用默认应用程序打开或编辑文件(比如,用记事本打开以txt为后缀名的文件),用系统默认的打印机打印文档;后者可以用来在系统托盘区创建一个托 盘程序。

我随便找了几张图,在Tray里面都是空的,没有图,可能是图太大,有xdjm知道希望告诉我.


import java.awt.AWTException;


import java.awt.Desktop;


import java.awt.Image;


import java.awt.MenuItem;


import java.awt.PopupMenu;


import java.awt.SystemTray;


import java.awt.Toolkit;


import java.awt.TrayIcon;


import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;


import java.awt.event.ActionListener;


import java.io.File;


import java.io.IOException;


import java.net.URI;


import java.net.URISyntaxException;






public class DesktopTrayTest ...{


private static Desktop desktop;


private static SystemTray st;


private static PopupMenu pm;






public static void main( String[] args ) ...{




if( Desktop.isDesktopSupported() ) ...{


desktop = Desktop.getDesktop();


}




if( SystemTray.isSupported() ) ...{


st = SystemTray.getSystemTray();


Image image = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().createImage( "http://www.51ppt.com.cn/Article/Uploadphotos/200604/20064147333288.png" );


createPopupMenu();


TrayIcon ti = new TrayIcon( image, "Demo", pm );




try...{


st.add( ti );




} catch( AWTException awte ) ...{


awte.printStackTrace();


}


}


}




public static void sendMail( String mail ) ...{


if( desktop != null &&




desktop.isSupported( Desktop.Action.MAIL ) ) ...{




try ...{


desktop.mail( new URI( mail ) );




} catch (IOException e) ...{


e.printStackTrace();




} catch (URISyntaxException e) ...{


e.printStackTrace();


}


}


}




public static void openBrowser( String url ) ...{


if( desktop != null &&




desktop.isSupported( Desktop.Action.BROWSE )) ...{




try ...{


desktop.browse( new URI( url ) );




} catch (IOException e) ...{


e.printStackTrace();




} catch (URISyntaxException e) ...{


e.printStackTrace();


}


}


}




public static void edit() ...{


if( desktop != null &&




desktop.isSupported( Desktop.Action.EDIT ) ) ...{


File file = new File( "test.txt" );




try ...{




if( file.exists() == false ) ...{


file.createNewFile();


}


desktop.edit( file );




} catch( IOException ioe ) ...{


ioe.printStackTrace();


}


}


}




public static void createPopupMenu() ...{


pm = new PopupMenu();


MenuItem ob = new MenuItem( "Open url" );




ob.addActionListener( new ActionListener() ...{




public void actionPerformed( ActionEvent ae ) ...{


openBrowser( "http://blog.csdn.net/xumingming64398966" );


}


});


MenuItem sm = new MenuItem( "Send Mail" );




sm.addActionListener( new ActionListener() ...{




public void actionPerformed( ActionEvent ae ) ...{


sendMail( "64398966@qq.com" );


}


});


MenuItem ed = new MenuItem( "Edit" );




ed.addActionListener( new ActionListener() ...{




public void actionPerformed( ActionEvent ae ) ...{


edit();


}


});


MenuItem ex = new MenuItem( "Exit" );




ex.addActionListener( new ActionListener() ...{




public void actionPerformed( ActionEvent ae ) ...{


System.exit( 0 );


}


});


pm.add( ob );


pm.add( sm );


pm.add( ed );


pm.addSeparator();


pm.add( ex );


}


}



2. Console.
JDK6中提供了java.io.Console类专用来访问基于字符的控制台设备. 你的程序如果要与Windows下的cmd或者Linux下的Terminal交互,就可以用Console类代劳. 但我们不总是能得到可用的Console, 一个JVM是否有可用的Console依赖于底层平台和JVM如何被调用. 如果JVM是在交互式命令行(比如Windows的cmd)中启动的,并且输入输出没有重定向到另外的地方,那么就可以得到一个可用的Console实 例. 下面代码演示了Console类的用法:


import java.io.Console;






public class ConsoleTest ...{




public static void main( String[] args ) ...{


Console console = System.console();




if( console != null ) ...{


String user = new String( console.readLine( "Enter User:", new Object[ 0 ] ) );


String pwd = new String( console.readPassword( "Enter Password:", new Object[ 0 ] ));




console.printf( "User name is:%s", new Object[]...{user} );




console.printf( "Password is:%s", new Object[]...{pwd} );




} else ...{


System.out.println( "No Console!" );


}


}


}



你如果是在一个IDE中如eclipse, netbeans中运行你将得到:
No Console!
因为只有在命令行中才能得到Console对象。

3. Compiler API.
现在我们可以用JDK6 的Compiler API(JSR 199)去动态编译Java源文件,Compiler API结合反射功能就可以实现动态的产生Java代码并编译执行这些代码,有点动态语言的特征。这个特性对于某些需要用到动态编译的应用程序相当有用,比 如JSP Web Server,当我们手动修改JSP后,是不希望需要重启Web Server才可以看到效果的,这时候我们就可以用Compiler API来实现动态编译JSP文件,当然,现在的JSP Web Server也是支持JSP热部署的,现在的JSP Web Server通过在运行期间通过Runtime.exec或ProcessBuilder来调用javac来编译代码,这种方式需要我们产生另一个进程去 做编译工作,不够优雅而且容易使代码依赖与特定的操作系统;Compiler API通过一套易用的标准的API提供了更加丰富的方式去做动态编译,而且是跨平台的。 下面代码演示了Compiler API的使用:


import java.io.BufferedWriter;


import java.io.FileWriter;


import java.io.IOException;


import java.util.Iterator;




import javax.tools.JavaCompiler;


import javax.tools.JavaFileObject;


import javax.tools.StandardJavaFileManager;


import javax.tools.ToolProvider;






public class CompilerAPITest ...{


private final static String srcFileName = "Test.java";


private final static String classFileName = "Test.class";


private final static String className = "Test";






public static void main( String[] args ) ...{


JavaCompiler compiler = ToolProvider.getSystemJavaCompiler();




if( compiler == null ) ...{


System.err.println( "Compiler is null!" );


return;


}


StandardJavaFileManager fileManager = compiler.getStandardFileManager( null, null, null );


generateJavaClass();






Iterable < ? extends JavaFileObject> sourceFiles = fileManager.getJavaFileObjects( new String[]...{ srcFileName } );


compiler.getTask( null, fileManager, null, null, null, sourceFiles ).call();




try ...{


fileManager.close();


Class.forName( className ).newInstance();




} catch (IOException e) ...{


e.printStackTrace();




} catch (InstantiationException e) ...{


e.printStackTrace();




} catch (IllegalAccessException e) ...{


e.printStackTrace();




} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) ...{


e.printStackTrace();


}


}






public static void generateJavaClass() ...{




try ...{


FileWriter rw = new FileWriter( srcFileName );


BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter( rw );


bw.write( "public class " + className + " {" );


bw.newLine();




bw.write( "public " + className + "() {");


bw.newLine();


bw.write( "System.out.println( 'you are in the constructor of Class Test' );" );


bw.write( "}" );


bw.newLine();




bw.write( "}" );


bw.flush();


bw.close();




} catch (IOException e) ...{


e.printStackTrace();


}


}


}



我在运行这个例子的时候发现ToolProvider.getSystemJavaCompiler得到的是NULL,后来上网一查,原来是一个Bug!链接如下:
http://bugs.sun.com/bugdatabase/view_bug.do?bug_id=6477844

Closed, not reproducible
那为什么我一直在reproduce阿?

4. Http Server API.
JDK6提供了一个简单的Http Server API,据此我们可以构建自己的嵌入式Http Server,它支持Http和Https协议,提供了HTTP1.1的部分实现,没有被实现的那部分可以通过扩展已有的Http Server API来实现,程序员必须自己实现HttpHandler接口,HttpServer会调用HttpHandler实现类的回调方法来处理客户端请求,在 这里,我们把一个Http请求和它的响应称为一个交换,包装成HttpExchange类,HttpServer负责将HttpExchange传给 HttpHandler实现类的回调方法.下面代码演示了怎样创建自己的Http Server .


import java.io.IOException;


import java.io.InputStream;


import java.io.OutputStream;


import java.net.InetSocketAddress;




import com.sun.net.httpserver.HttpExchange;


import com.sun.net.httpserver.HttpHandler;


import com.sun.net.httpserver.HttpServer;






public class HttpServerAPITest ...{


private static int count = 0;




public static void main( String[] args ) ...{




try ...{


HttpServer hs = HttpServer.create( new InetSocketAddress( 8888 ), 0 );


hs.createContext( "/", new MyHandler() );


hs.createContext( "/java", new MyHandler() );


hs.setExecutor( null );


hs.start();


System.out.println( "---begin---" );


System.out.println( "Listening on " + hs.getAddress() );




} catch( IOException ioe ) ...{


ioe.printStackTrace();


}


}




static class MyHandler implements HttpHandler ...{




public void handle( HttpExchange he ) throws IOException ...{


System.out.println( "Request " + count++ );


System.out.println( he.getHttpContext().getPath() );




InputStream is = he.getRequestBody();


String response = "<font color='blue'>Happy Spring Festerval</font>";


he.sendResponseHeaders( 200, response.length() );


OutputStream os = he.getResponseBody();


os.write( response.getBytes() );


os.close();


}


}


}



5.对脚本语言的支持如: ruby, groovy, javascript.

代码如下:


import java.io.FileReader;




import javax.script.Invocable;


import javax.script.ScriptEngine;


import javax.script.ScriptEngineManager;






public class ScriptTest ...{




public static void main( String[] args ) ...{


ScriptEngineManager manager = new ScriptEngineManager();


ScriptEngine engine = manager.getEngineByName( "ECMAScript" );




try ...{


engine.eval( new FileReader( "C:/test.js" ) );


Invocable invocableEngine = (Invocable)engine;


Object ret = invocableEngine.invokeFunction( "test", null );


System.out.println( "The result is :" + (Double)ret );




} catch( Exception e ) ...{


e.printStackTrace();


}


}


}



test.js如下:




function test()...{


return Math.round( 11.2 );


}

6.插入式注解处理API(Pluggable Annotation Processing API),插入式注解处理API(JSR 269)提供一套标准API来处理Annotations.JSR 269用Annotation Processor在编译期间而不是运行期间处理Annotation, Annotation Processor相当于编译器的一个插件,所以称为插入式注解处理.如果Annotation Processor处理Annotation时(执行process方法)产生了新的Java代码,编译器会再调用一次Annotation Processor,如果第二次处理还有新代码产生,就会接着调用Annotation Processor,直到没有新代码产生为止.每执行一次process()方法被称为一个"round",这样整个Annotation processing过程可以看作是一个round的序列.
举个例子:们想建立一套基于Annotation的单元测试框架(如TestNG),在测试类里面用Annotation来标识测试期间需要执行的测试方法,如下所示:


@TestMethod




public void testCheckName()...{


//do something here


}

这时我们就可以用JSR 269提供的API来处理测试类,根据Annotation提取出需要执行的测试方法.

再举个例子: 下面我用代码演示如何来用JSR 269提供的API来处理Annotations和读取Java源文件的元数据(metadata)


import java.util.List;


import java.util.Map;


import java.util.Set;




import javax.annotation.processing.AbstractProcessor;


import javax.annotation.processing.RoundEnvironment;


import javax.annotation.processing.SupportedAnnotationTypes;


import javax.annotation.processing.SupportedSourceVersion;


import javax.lang.model.SourceVersion;


import javax.lang.model.element.AnnotationMirror;


import javax.lang.model.element.AnnotationValue;


import javax.lang.model.element.Element;


import javax.lang.model.element.ExecutableElement;


import javax.lang.model.element.TypeElement;


import javax.lang.model.util.ElementFilter;


import javax.tools.Diagnostic.Kind;




@SupportedAnnotationTypes( "ToBeTested" )


@SupportedSourceVersion( SourceVersion.RELEASE_6 )




public class MyAnnotationProcessor extends AbstractProcessor ...{




private void note( String msg ) ...{


processingEnv.getMessager().printMessage( Kind.NOTE, msg );


}




public boolean process( Set< ? extends TypeElement > annotations, RoundEnvironment roundEnv ) ...{




for( TypeElement te : annotations ) ...{


note( "annotation: " + te.toString() );


}


Set< ? extends Element > elements = roundEnv.getRootElements();




for( Element e : elements ) ...{


List< ? extends Element > enclosedElems = e.getEnclosedElements();


List< ? extends ExecutableElement > ees = ElementFilter.methodsIn( enclosedElems );




for( ExecutableElement ee : ees ) ...{


note( "Executable Element Name: " + ee.getSimpleName() );


List< ? extends AnnotationMirror > as = ee.getAnnotationMirrors();


note( " as: " + as );




for( AnnotationMirror am : as )...{


Map< ? extends ExecutableElement, ? extends AnnotationValue > map = am.getElementValues();


Set< ? extends ExecutableElement > ks = map.keySet();




for( ExecutableElement k : ks ) ...{


AnnotationValue av = map.get( k );


note("----"+ee.getSimpleName()+"."+k.getSimpleName()+"="+av.getValue());


}


}


}


}


return false;


}


}








public class Testing ...{


@ToBeTested(group="A")




public void m1()...{


}


@ToBeTested(group="B",owner="QQ")




public void m2()...{


}


}




import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;


import java.lang.annotation.Retention;


import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;


import java.lang.annotation.Target;




@Retention( RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME )


@Target( ElementType.METHOD )




public @interface ToBeTested ...{


String owner() default "Chinajash";


String group();


}



效果如下:



7.StAX.
StAX是The Streaming API for XML的缩写,是继DOM(Document Object Model)和SAX(Simple API for XML)之后的又一种处理xml的api,一种利用拉模式解析(pull-parsing)XML文档的API.StAX通过提供一种基于事件迭代器 (Iterator)的API让程序员去控制xml文档解析过程,程序遍历这个事件迭代器去处理每一个解析事件,解析事件可以看做是程序拉出来的,也就是 程序促使解析器产生一个解析事件然后处理该事件,之后又促使解析器产生下一个解析事件,如此循环直到碰到文档结束符;SAX也是基于事件处理xml文档, 但却是用推模式解析,解析器解析完整个xml文档后,才产生解析事件,然后推给程序去处理这些事件;DOM采用的方式是将整个xml文档映射到一颗内存 树,这样就可以很容易地得到父节点和子结点以及兄弟节点的数据,但如果文档很大,将会严重影响性能。

下面是个例子:


import java.io.FileNotFoundException;


import java.io.FileOutputStream;




import javax.xml.namespace.QName;


import javax.xml.stream.XMLEventReader;


import javax.xml.stream.XMLInputFactory;


import javax.xml.stream.XMLOutputFactory;


import javax.xml.stream.XMLStreamException;


import javax.xml.stream.XMLStreamWriter;


import javax.xml.stream.events.StartElement;


import javax.xml.stream.events.XMLEvent;






public class StaxTest ...{




public static void main( String[] arg ) throws XMLStreamException, FileNotFoundException ...{


readXMLByStAX();


writeXMLByStAX();


}




public static void readXMLByStAX() throws XMLStreamException, FileNotFoundException ...{


XMLInputFactory factory = XMLInputFactory.newInstance();


XMLEventReader reader = factory.createXMLEventReader( StaxTest.class.getResourceAsStream( "test.xml" ) );


XMLEvent event;


StringBuffer parsingResult = new StringBuffer();




while( reader.hasNext() ) ...{


event = reader.nextEvent();




if( event.isStartElement() ) ...{


StartElement se = event.asStartElement();


parsingResult.append( "<" );


parsingResult.append( se.getName() );




if( se.getName().getLocalPart().equals( "catalog" ) ) ...{


parsingResult.append( "id="" );


parsingResult.append( se.getAttributeByName( new QName( "id" ) ).getValue());


parsingResult.append( """ ) ;


}


parsingResult.append( ">" );




} else if( event.isCharacters() ) ...{


parsingResult.append( event.asCharacters().getData() );




} else if( event.isEndElement() ) ...{


parsingResult.append( "</" );


parsingResult.append( event.asEndElement().getName() );


parsingResult.append( ">" );


}


}


System.out.println( parsingResult );


}






public static void writeXMLByStAX() throws XMLStreamException, FileNotFoundException ...{


XMLOutputFactory factory = XMLOutputFactory.newInstance();


XMLStreamWriter writer = factory.createXMLStreamWriter( new FileOutputStream( "output.xml" ) );


writer.writeStartDocument();


writer.writeCharacters( " " );


writer.writeComment( "testing comment" );


writer.writeCharacters( " " );


writer.writeStartElement( "catalogs" );


writer.writeNamespace( "myNS", "http://blog.csdn.net/Chinajash" );


writer.writeAttribute( "owner", "sina" );


writer.writeCharacters( " " );


writer.writeStartElement("http://blog.csdn.net/Chinajash", "catalog");


writer.writeAttribute("id","007");


writer.writeCharacters("Apparel");


// 写入catalog元素的结束标签


writer.writeEndElement();


// 写入catalogs元素的结束标签


writer.writeEndElement();


// 结束 XML 文档


writer.writeEndDocument();


writer.close();




}


}



test.xml:


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>


<catalogs>


<catalog id="001">Book</catalog>


<catalog id="002">Video</catalog>


</catalogs>

8. Web Service.
由于Web服务日趋流行,利用Web服务的功能性的API特征正从最新的Java EE版本中向Java SE 6平台迁移。换言之,针对Web服务不需另外加入额外的工具,在Java EE和Java SE平台拥有相同的API。野马将大把不同的Web服务相关的API加到标准的工具柜中:以JSR 181针对Java 平台的Web服务元数据,通过JSR 224的基于XML 的Web服务Java API(JAX-WS);针对Java的带有附件的SOAP API(SAAJ)作为JSR 67 。与三个Web服务API相关的包新增到Java SE 6.0里:JAX-WS API 放置到javax.xml.ws包; SAAJ类在javax.xml.soap 包; Web服务的元数据类放置在javax.jws包里。 下面是一个简单的例子, 下面的代码是要作为web service发布的类。


package hello;


import javax.jws.WebService;


import javax.xml.ws.Endpoint;




@WebService




public class CircleFunctions ...{




public double getArea( int radius ) ...{


return Math.PI * radius * radius;


}




public double getCircumference( int radius ) ...{


return Math.PI * radius * 2;


}






public static void main( String[] args ) ...{


Endpoint.publish( "http://localhost:8888/WebServiceExample/circlefunctions", new CircleFunctions());


}


}



处理的方法如下:
javac -d ./ CircleFunctions.java
wsgen hello.CircleFunctions
java hello.CircleFunctions
然后在浏览器中输入如下url,你将得到一个xml页面:
http: //localhost:8888/WebServiceExample/circlefunctions?WSDL

参考网页:
1.Desktop和SystemTray. http://dev.yesky.com/411/3019911.shtml
2.Console. http://dev.yesky.com/133/3032133.shtml
3.Compiler API. http://developer.51cto.com/art/200701/37359.htm
4.HttpServer API. http://www.testage.net/QA/Dev/200701/1396.htm
5. 对脚本语言的支持http://blog.edwardro.com/read.php?167
6. 插入式注解处理API. http://ourconan.com.cn/article.php?itemid-2113-type-blog.html
7.StAX. http://ourconan.com.cn/article.php?itemid-2111-type-blog.html
8.Web Service. http://www.360doc.com/showWeb/0/0/298124.aspx
9.JDK1.5的Annotation
http://lzqdiy.bokee.com/viewdiary.14724866.html
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