Linux学习笔记14--架设Apache http服务器

图形环境下单击“Applications → System Settings → Add/Remove Application”菜单项，

在Server下找的"Web Server"选项，并选中，然后点Update按钮，按提示安装。

如图1-2：

图1：



图2：



安装前需要把加载Linux系统安装光盘。

如图3：

图3：



安装好Apache服务器，可以在命令窗口输入命令来启动Apache服务：

[root@CentOS4 ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd start

Starting httpd: [ OK ]

[root@CentOS4 ~]#

启动之后，初步对HTTP服务进行简单测试，如图4：

图4：



关闭Apache服务：

[root@CentOS4 ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd stop

Stopping httpd: [ OK ]

重新启动Apache服务：

[root@CentOS4 ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd restart

Stopping httpd: [ OK ]

Starting httpd: [ OK ]

接下来就简单了解配置HTTP(Apache)服务器：

配置文件httpd.conf位于/etc/httpd/conf目录下.

[root@CentOS4 ~]# cat /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

#

# Based upon the NCSA server configuration files originally by Rob McCool.

#

# This is the main Apache server configuration file. It contains the

# configuration directives that give the server its instructions.

# See <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/> for detailed information about

# the directives.

#

# Do NOT simply read the instructions in here without understanding

# what they do. They're here only as hints or reminders. If you are unsure

# consult the online docs. You have been warned.

#

# The configuration directives are grouped into three basic sections:

# 1. Directives that control the operation of the Apache server process as a

# whole (the 'global environment').

# 2. Directives that define the parameters of the 'main' or 'default' server,

# which responds to requests that aren't handled by a virtual host.

# These directives also provide default values for the settings

# of all virtual hosts.

# 3. Settings for virtual hosts, which allow Web requests to be sent to

# different IP addresses or hostnames and have them handled by the

# same Apache server process.

... ...

配置文件基本分为三个小节，一个global environment全局环境，一个'main' or 'default' server

主服务/默认服务器配置，还有一个是Settings for virtual hosts虚拟端口配置。

常用配置参数有：

DocumentRoot "/var/www/html" 该参数指定Apache服务器存放网页的路径

图形界面配置显示如图5：

图5：



MaxClients 118 该参数限制Apache所能提供服务的最高数值，最大可以设置到256。

命令行：

... ...省略部分

# prefork MPM

# StartServers: number of server processes to start

# MinSpareServers: minimum number of server processes which are kept spare

# MaxSpareServers: maximum number of server processes which are kept spare

# MaxClients: maximum number of server processes allowed to start

# MaxRequestsPerChild: maximum number of requests a server process serves

<IfModule prefork.c>

StartServers 8

MinSpareServers 5

MaxSpareServers 20

MaxClients 118

MaxRequestsPerChild 100

</IfModule>

... ...省略部分

图形界面配置显示如图6：

图6：



Port 80 指定Apache服务器的监听端口，标准的HTTP服务器默认端口为80。

命令行：

... ...省略部分

# Listen: Allows you to bind Apache to specific IP addresses and/or

# ports, in addition to the default. See also the <VirtualHost>

# directive.

#

# Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as shown below to

# prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses (0.0.0.0)

#

#Listen 12.34.56.78:80

Listen *:80

... ...省略部分

图形界面配置显示如图7：

图7：



ServerName CentOS 设置主机名.需要在DNS服务器注册该主机名才可以使用该名来访问，不然得指定IP地址。

命令行：

... ...省略部分

# ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself.

# This can often be determined automatically, but we recommend you specify

# it explicitly to prevent problems during startup.

#

# If this is not set to valid DNS name for your host, server-generated

# redirections will not work. See also the UseCanonicalName directive.

#

# If your host doesn't have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here.

# You will have to access it by its address anyway, and this will make

# redirections work in a sensible way.

#

ServerName CentOS

... ...省略部分

MaxKeepAliveRequests 100 当使用保持连接(Persistent Connection)功能时，

可以使用本参数决定每次连接所能发出的要求数目的上限.

MaxRequestsPerChild 10 该参数限制每个子进程(Child Process)在结束前所能处理的请求数目，一旦达到该数目，这个子进程就会被中止，以避免长时间占据Apache(或者Apache服务器所采用的函数库)，

防止造成内存或者其他系统资源的超负荷。

MaxSpareServers 和MinSpareServers 提供Web服务的HTTP守护进程.

配置Apache时，我们可以选择图形界面配置

或者通过修改配置文件httpd.conf参数进行配置。

[完]