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WPF中的PathAnimation(路径动画)

2007-07-31 17:48 357 查看
                                   WPF中的PathAnimation(路径动画)
                                                               周银辉

在WPF中我们可以指定元素按照某一路径运动而形成动画,这称之为路径动画,在SDK中你会发现以[Type]AnimationUsingPath这种形式命名的类,它们就是用来创建路径动画的,其中[Type]表示一系列类型比如double,point等,这与DoubleAnimation等的命名方式一致。
为对路径动画有一个大体上的认识,你可以粘贴下面的代码到XamlPad:


<Window


    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"


    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"


    


    x:Name="Window"


    Title="Window1"


    Width="640" Height="480">




    <Window.Resources>


        <Storyboard x:Key="Timeline1" RepeatBehavior = "Forever" AutoReverse="True">


            <DoubleAnimationUsingPath BeginTime="00:00:00" Duration="00:00:02" Storyboard.TargetName="button" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(UIElement.RenderTransform).(TransformGroup.Children)[3].(TranslateTransform.X)" Source="X">


                <DoubleAnimationUsingPath.PathGeometry>


                    <PathGeometry Figures="M-68,149.00022 C-39.695816,109.3744 -17.383496,83.397528 39,74.000287 C73.433618,68.261356 91.198465,71.210009 125,89.000273 C157.86626,106.29829 181.01028,123.79991 204,155.00021 C213.7418,168.22121 224.03351,180.96708 234,194.00017 C246.07551,209.79121 257.36571,220.41957 275,231.00014 C285.57406,237.34456 295.83653,242.84775 307,248.00012 C317.8183,252.99318 324.46505,252.89547 337,252.00012 C362.92461,250.14836 384.46844,240.41978 404,225.00014"/>


                </DoubleAnimationUsingPath.PathGeometry>


            </DoubleAnimationUsingPath>


            <DoubleAnimationUsingPath BeginTime="00:00:00" Duration="00:00:02" Storyboard.TargetName="button" Storyboard.TargetProperty="(UIElement.RenderTransform).(TransformGroup.Children)[3].(TranslateTransform.Y)" Source="Y">


                <DoubleAnimationUsingPath.PathGeometry>


                    <PathGeometry Figures="M-68,149.00022 C-39.695816,109.3744 -17.383496,83.397528 39,74.000287 C73.433618,68.261356 91.198465,71.210009 125,89.000273 C157.86626,106.29829 181.01028,123.79991 204,155.00021 C213.7418,168.22121 224.03351,180.96708 234,194.00017 C246.07551,209.79121 257.36571,220.41957 275,231.00014 C285.57406,237.34456 295.83653,242.84775 307,248.00012 C317.8183,252.99318 324.46505,252.89547 337,252.00012 C362.92461,250.14836 384.46844,240.41978 404,225.00014"/>


                </DoubleAnimationUsingPath.PathGeometry>


            </DoubleAnimationUsingPath>


        </Storyboard>


    </Window.Resources>


    <Window.Triggers>


        <EventTrigger RoutedEvent="FrameworkElement.Loaded">


            <BeginStoryboard Storyboard="{StaticResource Timeline1}"/>


        </EventTrigger>


    </Window.Triggers>




    <Grid x:Name="LayoutRoot">


        <Path Fill="#FFFFFFFF" Stretch="Fill" Stroke="#FF000000" Margin="63.5,128.847,87.5,133.025" Data="M64,207 C92.304184,167.37414 114.6165,141.39725 171,132 205.43362,126.26106 223.19847,129.20972 257,147 289.86626,164.29803 313.01028,181.79967 336,213 345.7418,226.22101 356.03351,238.96689 366,252 378.07551,267.79105 389.36571,278.41942 407,289 417.57406,295.34443 427.83653,300.84763 439,306 449.8183,310.99306 456.46505,310.89535 469,310 494.92461,308.14824 516.46844,298.41966 536,283"/>


        <Button RenderTransformOrigin="0.5,0.5" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="82,30,0,0" x:Name="button" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="100" Height="56" Content="Button">


            <Button.RenderTransform>


                <TransformGroup>


                    <ScaleTransform ScaleX="1" ScaleY="1"/>


                    <SkewTransform AngleX="0" AngleY="0"/>


                    <RotateTransform Angle="0"/>


                    <TranslateTransform X="0" Y="0"/>


                </TransformGroup>


            </Button.RenderTransform>


        </Button>


    </Grid>


</Window>
你可以得到如图所示的一个窗体:



窗体上的按钮沿着曲线来回的运动(按钮的中心始终与曲线相切)。

1,使用Microsoft Expression Blend工具为我们自动生成路径动画
打造路径动画的最简单的方式是使用 Microsoft Expression Blend工具来自动生成,当然这自然会失去灵活性。
第一步:创建动画对象(比如上图中的那个Button)



第二步:创建动画路径(比如一条曲线,一个圆)



记得将路径的逻辑树层次上调整得比刚才那个按钮低



第三步:将路径转化为MotionPath
选中逻辑树上的[Path]对象,单击菜单栏的Object,选择Path子项,在选择Convert To MotionPath,则会弹出如下窗口:


其要求你选择MotionPath的目标,也就是路径动画的目标,我们这里选择我们的button按钮
单击OK,其会自动为你生成Timeline(此后的操作就与打造普通Timeline 的操作一样了,其实此时该路径动画已经生成,你可以单击Timeline录制旁边的“播放”按钮来观看效果了,或直接F5)

2,使用代码来打造更灵活的路径动画
我更喜欢使用手写代码的方式来做更多的事情,这让事情变得更容易控制,同时也更具有灵活性。
以DoubleAnimationUsingPath为例,我们逐步讲解一下如何使用代码来打造上面的示例。
为了让对象沿着曲线运动,我们通过改变一个TranslateTransform的X与Y值来做到,并将该TranslateTransform指定给按钮的RenderTransform。
假设我们动画中的路径(也就是示例中的那条曲线)为path1,动画的对象为border1,如果你有过编写WPF动画代码的经验,那么你可以很轻松地编写出以下代码:


            DoubleAnimationUsingPath animationX = new DoubleAnimationUsingPath();


            animationX.PathGeometry = this.path1.Data.GetFlattenedPathGeometry();


            animationX.Source = PathAnimationSource.X;


            animationX.Duration = new Duration(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2));




            DoubleAnimationUsingPath animationY = new DoubleAnimationUsingPath();


            animationY.PathGeometry = this.path1.Data.GetFlattenedPathGeometry();


            animationY.Source = PathAnimationSource.Y;


            animationY.Duration = animationX.Duration;其中


animationX.PathGeometry = this.path1.Data.GetFlattenedPathGeometry();指定了我们的animationX所遵照的路径为path1


animationX.Source = PathAnimationSource.X;指定了animationX将遵照路径的X值的变化而变化,其中PathAnimationSource枚举存在三个值,分别是X,Y与Angle,在沿着路径旋转的动画中将会用到Angle值。
将代码补充完整后如下:


           TranslateTransform translate = new TranslateTransform();


            this.border1.RenderTransform = translate;




            NameScope.SetNameScope(this, new NameScope());


            this.RegisterName("translate", translate);




            DoubleAnimationUsingPath animationX = new DoubleAnimationUsingPath();


            animationX.PathGeometry = this.path1.Data.GetFlattenedPathGeometry();


            animationX.Source = PathAnimationSource.X;


            animationX.Duration = new Duration(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2));




            DoubleAnimationUsingPath animationY = new DoubleAnimationUsingPath();


            animationY.PathGeometry = this.path1.Data.GetFlattenedPathGeometry();


            animationY.Source = PathAnimationSource.Y;


            animationY.Duration = animationX.Duration;






            Storyboard story = new Storyboard();


            story.RepeatBehavior = RepeatBehavior.Forever;


            story.AutoReverse = true;


            story.Children.Add(animationX);


            story.Children.Add(animationY);


            Storyboard.SetTargetName(animationX, "translate");


            Storyboard.SetTargetName(animationY, "translate");


            Storyboard.SetTargetProperty(animationX, new PropertyPath(TranslateTransform.XProperty));


            Storyboard.SetTargetProperty(animationY, new PropertyPath(TranslateTransform.YProperty));




            story.Begin(this);到此为止,我们可以说已经打造了一个路径动画,效果如下图



但不难发现,图中方块运动的路径与曲线并为完全重合,而是存在X与Y方向上的平移。这是一个很让人头疼的问题,但是我发现,只要在动画播放之前,将方块的中心位置设置为与动画所在容器的(0,0)位置向重合,那么该问题就可以被避免。
修改后的代码:


            Canvas.SetTop(this.border1, -this.border1.ActualHeight / 2);


            Canvas.SetLeft(this.border1, -this.border1.ActualWidth / 2);




            TranslateTransform translate = new TranslateTransform();


            this.border1.RenderTransform = translate;




            NameScope.SetNameScope(this, new NameScope());


            this.RegisterName("translate", translate);




            DoubleAnimationUsingPath animationX = new DoubleAnimationUsingPath();


            animationX.PathGeometry = this.path1.Data.GetFlattenedPathGeometry();


            animationX.Source = PathAnimationSource.X;


            animationX.Duration = new Duration(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2));




            DoubleAnimationUsingPath animationY = new DoubleAnimationUsingPath();


            animationY.PathGeometry = this.path1.Data.GetFlattenedPathGeometry();


            animationY.Source = PathAnimationSource.Y;


            animationY.Duration = animationX.Duration;






            Storyboard story = new Storyboard();


            story.RepeatBehavior = RepeatBehavior.Forever;


            story.AutoReverse = true;


            story.Children.Add(animationX);


            story.Children.Add(animationY);


            Storyboard.SetTargetName(animationX, "translate");


            Storyboard.SetTargetName(animationY, "translate");


            Storyboard.SetTargetProperty(animationX, new PropertyPath(TranslateTransform.XProperty));


            Storyboard.SetTargetProperty(animationY, new PropertyPath(TranslateTransform.YProperty));




            story.Begin(this);然后,运行效果如下:



刚才已经提到,PathAnimationSource枚举拥有第三个值Angle,它是用来使我们的动画对象沿着路径旋转的,旋转对象与移动类似,但需要注意的是:
(1)旋转时对象的中心点始终与路径相切,那么你需要注意旋转时对象的中心在哪,比如上面的方块的中心点在其长宽的50%处,那么我们设置其RenderTransformOrigin为(0.5,0.5)


this.border1.RenderTransformOrigin = new Point(0.5, 0.5);(2)如果我们在旋转的同时在进行其他动作,比如平移,那么我们需要注意动作叠加的顺序,先旋转再平移与先平移再旋转的效果是不同的(你可以参考WPF中的MatrixTransform ),这在编码时体现在向TransformGroup中添加元素时的顺序


            TranslateTransform translate = new TranslateTransform();


            RotateTransform rotate = new RotateTransform();


            TransformGroup group = new TransformGroup();


            group.Children.Add(rotate);//先旋转


            group.Children.Add(translate);//再平移


            this.border1.RenderTransform = group;补充完整后的代码:


            Canvas.SetTop(this.border1, -this.border1.ActualHeight / 2);


            Canvas.SetLeft(this.border1, -this.border1.ActualWidth / 2);




            this.border1.RenderTransformOrigin = new Point(0.5, 0.5);


        


            TranslateTransform translate = new TranslateTransform();


            RotateTransform rotate = new RotateTransform();


            TransformGroup group = new TransformGroup();


            group.Children.Add(rotate);//先旋转


            group.Children.Add(translate);//再平移


            this.border1.RenderTransform = group;




            NameScope.SetNameScope(this, new NameScope());


            this.RegisterName("translate", translate);


            this.RegisterName("rotate", rotate);




            DoubleAnimationUsingPath animationX = new DoubleAnimationUsingPath();


            animationX.PathGeometry = this.path1.Data.GetFlattenedPathGeometry();


            animationX.Source = PathAnimationSource.X;


            animationX.Duration = new Duration(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2));




            DoubleAnimationUsingPath animationY = new DoubleAnimationUsingPath();


            animationY.PathGeometry = this.path1.Data.GetFlattenedPathGeometry();


            animationY.Source = PathAnimationSource.Y;


            animationY.Duration = animationX.Duration;




            DoubleAnimationUsingPath animationAngle = new DoubleAnimationUsingPath();


            animationAngle.PathGeometry = this.path1.Data.GetFlattenedPathGeometry();


            animationAngle.Source = PathAnimationSource.Angle;


            animationAngle.Duration = animationX.Duration;




            Storyboard story = new Storyboard();


            story.RepeatBehavior = RepeatBehavior.Forever;


            story.AutoReverse = true;


            story.Children.Add(animationX);


            story.Children.Add(animationY);


            story.Children.Add(animationAngle);


            Storyboard.SetTargetName(animationX, "translate");


            Storyboard.SetTargetName(animationY, "translate");


            Storyboard.SetTargetName(animationAngle, "rotate");


            Storyboard.SetTargetProperty(animationX, new PropertyPath(TranslateTransform.XProperty));


            Storyboard.SetTargetProperty(animationY, new PropertyPath(TranslateTransform.YProperty));


            Storyboard.SetTargetProperty(animationAngle, new PropertyPath(RotateTransform.AngleProperty));




            story.Begin(this);
效果图如下:



关于路径动画,先介绍到这里,不过其实实现上面的的动画更为常用的方式是使用MatrixAnimationUsingPath,可以参考以下代码:


            Canvas.SetLeft(this.border1, -this.border1.ActualWidth / 2);


            Canvas.SetTop(this.border1, -this.border1.ActualHeight / 2);


            this.border1.RenderTransformOrigin = new Point(0.5, 0.5);




            MatrixTransform matrix = new MatrixTransform();


            this.border1.RenderTransform = matrix;




            NameScope.SetNameScope(this, new NameScope());


            this.RegisterName("matrix", matrix);




            MatrixAnimationUsingPath matrixAnimation = new MatrixAnimationUsingPath();


            matrixAnimation.PathGeometry = this.path1.Data.GetFlattenedPathGeometry();


            matrixAnimation.Duration = new Duration(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2));


            matrixAnimation.RepeatBehavior = RepeatBehavior.Forever;


            matrixAnimation.AutoReverse = true;


            matrixAnimation.IsOffsetCumulative = !matrixAnimation.AutoReverse;


            matrixAnimation.DoesRotateWithTangent = true;//旋转






            Storyboard story = new Storyboard();


            story.Children.Add(matrixAnimation);


            Storyboard.SetTargetName(matrixAnimation, "matrix");


            Storyboard.SetTargetProperty(matrixAnimation, new PropertyPath(MatrixTransform.MatrixProperty));


            story.Begin(this);

下载Demo:http://files.cnblogs.com/zhouyinhui/PathAnimationDemo.rar

 

 

 

 

 
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