Excel开发系列一
2007-06-12 12:55
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微软对Excel的二次开发有多种模式,包括VBA(visual studio for application),.net2003中的对象模型(com组件,excel object 11 library)以及vs.net2005中的vsto(visual studio tool for office).在这个项目中,我们现在采用的是使用.net2003种的对象模型。因为考虑到vsto中可能技术不是大成熟,并且技术文档方面缺乏参考,所以使用较成熟的vs.net2003office 对象模型来开发。
对象模型参考msdn上的Excel对象模型,首先是要建立一个层级的概念,并且对excel的使用,各种功能要知道。好,废话少说,现来个实际的例子。
在winform中,创建一个button,在这个按钮的点击事件方法中写下:
Excel.Application oXL;
Excel._Workbook oWB;
Excel._Worksheet oSheet;
Excel.Range oRng;
try
{
//Start Excel and get Application object.
oXL = new Excel.Application();
oXL.Visible = true;
//Get a new workbook.
oWB = (Excel._Workbook)(oXL.Workbooks.Add( Missing.Value ));
oSheet = (Excel._Worksheet)oWB.ActiveSheet;
//Add table headers going cell by cell.
oSheet.Cells[1, 1] = "First Name";
oSheet.Cells[1, 2] = "Last Name";
oSheet.Cells[1, 3] = "Full Name";
oSheet.Cells[1, 4] = "Salary";
//Format A1:D1 as bold, vertical alignment = center.
oSheet.get_Range("A1", "D1").Font.Bold = true;
oSheet.get_Range("A1", "D1").VerticalAlignment =
Excel.XlVAlign.xlVAlignCenter;
// Create an array to multiple values at once.
string[,] saNames = new string[5,2];
saNames[ 0, 0] = "John";
saNames[ 0, 1] = "Smith";
saNames[ 1, 0] = "Tom";
saNames[ 1, 1] = "Brown";
saNames[ 2, 0] = "Sue";
saNames[ 2, 1] = "Thomas";
saNames[ 3, 0] = "Jane";
saNames[ 3, 1] = "Jones";
saNames[ 4, 0] = "Adam";
saNames[ 4, 1] = "Johnson";
//Fill A2:B6 with an array of values (First and Last Names).
oSheet.get_Range("A2", "B6").Value2 = saNames;
//Fill C2:C6 with a relative formula (=A2 & " " & B2).
oRng = oSheet.get_Range("C2", "C6");
oRng.Formula = "=A2 & /" /" & B2";
//Fill D2:D6 with a formula(=RAND()*100000) and apply format.
oRng = oSheet.get_Range("D2", "D6");
oRng.Formula = "=RAND()*100000";
oRng.NumberFormat = "$0.00";
//AutoFit columns A:D.
oRng = oSheet.get_Range("A1", "D1");
oRng.EntireColumn.AutoFit();
//Manipulate a variable number of columns for Quarterly Sales Data.
DisplayQuarterlySales(oSheet);
//Make sure Excel is visible and give the user control
//of Microsoft Excel's lifetime.
oXL.Visible = true;
oXL.UserControl = true;
}
catch( Exception theException )
{
String errorMessage;
errorMessage = "Error: ";
errorMessage = String.Concat( errorMessage, theException.Message );
errorMessage = String.Concat( errorMessage, " Line: " );
errorMessage = String.Concat( errorMessage, theException.Source );
MessageBox.Show( errorMessage, "Error" );
}
}
private void DisplayQuarterlySales(Excel._Worksheet oWS)
{
Excel._Workbook oWB;
Excel.Series oSeries;
Excel.Range oResizeRange;
Excel._Chart oChart;
String sMsg;
int iNumQtrs;
//Determine how many quarters to display data for.
for( iNumQtrs = 4; iNumQtrs >= 2; iNumQtrs--)
{
sMsg = "Enter sales data for ";
sMsg = String.Concat( sMsg, iNumQtrs );
sMsg = String.Concat( sMsg, " quarter(s)?");
DialogResult iRet = MessageBox.Show( sMsg, "Quarterly Sales?",
MessageBoxButtons.YesNo );
if (iRet == DialogResult.Yes)
break;
}
sMsg = "Displaying data for ";
sMsg = String.Concat( sMsg, iNumQtrs );
sMsg = String.Concat( sMsg, " quarter(s)." );
MessageBox.Show( sMsg, "Quarterly Sales" );
//Starting at E1, fill headers for the number of columns selected.
oResizeRange = oWS.get_Range("E1", "E1").get_Resize( Missing.Value, iNumQtrs);
oResizeRange.Formula = "=/"Q/" & COLUMN()-4 & CHAR(10) & /"Sales/"";
//Change the Orientation and WrapText properties for the headers.
oResizeRange.Orientation = 38;
oResizeRange.WrapText = true;
//Fill the interior color of the headers.
oResizeRange.Interior.ColorIndex = 36;
//Fill the columns with a formula and apply a number format.
oResizeRange = oWS.get_Range("E2", "E6").get_Resize( Missing.Value, iNumQtrs);
oResizeRange.Formula = "=RAND()*100";
oResizeRange.NumberFormat = "$0.00";
//Apply borders to the Sales data and headers.
oResizeRange = oWS.get_Range("E1", "E6").get_Resize( Missing.Value, iNumQtrs);
oResizeRange.Borders.Weight = Excel.XlBorderWeight.xlThin;
//Add a Totals formula for the sales data and apply a border.
oResizeRange = oWS.get_Range("E8", "E8").get_Resize( Missing.Value, iNumQtrs);
oResizeRange.Formula = "=SUM(E2:E6)";
oResizeRange.Borders.get_Item( Excel.XlBordersIndex.xlEdgeBottom ).LineStyle
= Excel.XlLineStyle.xlDouble;
oResizeRange.Borders.get_Item( Excel.XlBordersIndex.xlEdgeBottom ).Weight
= Excel.XlBorderWeight.xlThick;
//Add a Chart for the selected data.
oWB = (Excel._Workbook)oWS.Parent;
oChart = (Excel._Chart)oWB.Charts.Add( Missing.Value, Missing.Value,
Missing.Value, Missing.Value );
//Use the ChartWizard to create a new chart from the selected data.
oResizeRange = oWS.get_Range("E2:E6", Missing.Value ).get_Resize(
Missing.Value, iNumQtrs);
oChart.ChartWizard( oResizeRange, Excel.XlChartType.xl3DColumn, Missing.Value,
Excel.XlRowCol.xlColumns, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value,
Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value );
oSeries = (Excel.Series)oChart.SeriesCollection(1);
oSeries.XValues = oWS.get_Range("A2", "A6");
for( int iRet = 1; iRet <= iNumQtrs; iRet++)
{
oSeries = (Excel.Series)oChart.SeriesCollection(iRet);
String seriesName;
seriesName = "=/"Q";
seriesName = String.Concat( seriesName, iRet );
seriesName = String.Concat( seriesName, "/"" );
oSeries.Name = seriesName;
}
oChart.Location( Excel.XlChartLocation.xlLocationAsObject, oWS.Name );
//Move the chart so as not to cover your data.
oResizeRange = (Excel.Range)oWS.Rows.get_Item(10, Missing.Value );
oWS.Shapes.Item("Chart 1").Top = (float)(double)oResizeRange.Top;
oResizeRange = (Excel.Range)oWS.Columns.get_Item(2, Missing.Value );
oWS.Shapes.Item("Chart 1").Left = (float)(double)oResizeRange.Left;
这个样,你就可以建立简单的生成excel程序,并写入数据,和建立图表。下节课,将综合各个Excel开发对象模型中的各个对象,来一个个讲解其中一些重要的属性和方法等。
对象模型参考msdn上的Excel对象模型,首先是要建立一个层级的概念,并且对excel的使用,各种功能要知道。好,废话少说,现来个实际的例子。
在winform中,创建一个button,在这个按钮的点击事件方法中写下:
Excel.Application oXL;
Excel._Workbook oWB;
Excel._Worksheet oSheet;
Excel.Range oRng;
try
{
//Start Excel and get Application object.
oXL = new Excel.Application();
oXL.Visible = true;
//Get a new workbook.
oWB = (Excel._Workbook)(oXL.Workbooks.Add( Missing.Value ));
oSheet = (Excel._Worksheet)oWB.ActiveSheet;
//Add table headers going cell by cell.
oSheet.Cells[1, 1] = "First Name";
oSheet.Cells[1, 2] = "Last Name";
oSheet.Cells[1, 3] = "Full Name";
oSheet.Cells[1, 4] = "Salary";
//Format A1:D1 as bold, vertical alignment = center.
oSheet.get_Range("A1", "D1").Font.Bold = true;
oSheet.get_Range("A1", "D1").VerticalAlignment =
Excel.XlVAlign.xlVAlignCenter;
// Create an array to multiple values at once.
string[,] saNames = new string[5,2];
saNames[ 0, 0] = "John";
saNames[ 0, 1] = "Smith";
saNames[ 1, 0] = "Tom";
saNames[ 1, 1] = "Brown";
saNames[ 2, 0] = "Sue";
saNames[ 2, 1] = "Thomas";
saNames[ 3, 0] = "Jane";
saNames[ 3, 1] = "Jones";
saNames[ 4, 0] = "Adam";
saNames[ 4, 1] = "Johnson";
//Fill A2:B6 with an array of values (First and Last Names).
oSheet.get_Range("A2", "B6").Value2 = saNames;
//Fill C2:C6 with a relative formula (=A2 & " " & B2).
oRng = oSheet.get_Range("C2", "C6");
oRng.Formula = "=A2 & /" /" & B2";
//Fill D2:D6 with a formula(=RAND()*100000) and apply format.
oRng = oSheet.get_Range("D2", "D6");
oRng.Formula = "=RAND()*100000";
oRng.NumberFormat = "$0.00";
//AutoFit columns A:D.
oRng = oSheet.get_Range("A1", "D1");
oRng.EntireColumn.AutoFit();
//Manipulate a variable number of columns for Quarterly Sales Data.
DisplayQuarterlySales(oSheet);
//Make sure Excel is visible and give the user control
//of Microsoft Excel's lifetime.
oXL.Visible = true;
oXL.UserControl = true;
}
catch( Exception theException )
{
String errorMessage;
errorMessage = "Error: ";
errorMessage = String.Concat( errorMessage, theException.Message );
errorMessage = String.Concat( errorMessage, " Line: " );
errorMessage = String.Concat( errorMessage, theException.Source );
MessageBox.Show( errorMessage, "Error" );
}
}
private void DisplayQuarterlySales(Excel._Worksheet oWS)
{
Excel._Workbook oWB;
Excel.Series oSeries;
Excel.Range oResizeRange;
Excel._Chart oChart;
String sMsg;
int iNumQtrs;
//Determine how many quarters to display data for.
for( iNumQtrs = 4; iNumQtrs >= 2; iNumQtrs--)
{
sMsg = "Enter sales data for ";
sMsg = String.Concat( sMsg, iNumQtrs );
sMsg = String.Concat( sMsg, " quarter(s)?");
DialogResult iRet = MessageBox.Show( sMsg, "Quarterly Sales?",
MessageBoxButtons.YesNo );
if (iRet == DialogResult.Yes)
break;
}
sMsg = "Displaying data for ";
sMsg = String.Concat( sMsg, iNumQtrs );
sMsg = String.Concat( sMsg, " quarter(s)." );
MessageBox.Show( sMsg, "Quarterly Sales" );
//Starting at E1, fill headers for the number of columns selected.
oResizeRange = oWS.get_Range("E1", "E1").get_Resize( Missing.Value, iNumQtrs);
oResizeRange.Formula = "=/"Q/" & COLUMN()-4 & CHAR(10) & /"Sales/"";
//Change the Orientation and WrapText properties for the headers.
oResizeRange.Orientation = 38;
oResizeRange.WrapText = true;
//Fill the interior color of the headers.
oResizeRange.Interior.ColorIndex = 36;
//Fill the columns with a formula and apply a number format.
oResizeRange = oWS.get_Range("E2", "E6").get_Resize( Missing.Value, iNumQtrs);
oResizeRange.Formula = "=RAND()*100";
oResizeRange.NumberFormat = "$0.00";
//Apply borders to the Sales data and headers.
oResizeRange = oWS.get_Range("E1", "E6").get_Resize( Missing.Value, iNumQtrs);
oResizeRange.Borders.Weight = Excel.XlBorderWeight.xlThin;
//Add a Totals formula for the sales data and apply a border.
oResizeRange = oWS.get_Range("E8", "E8").get_Resize( Missing.Value, iNumQtrs);
oResizeRange.Formula = "=SUM(E2:E6)";
oResizeRange.Borders.get_Item( Excel.XlBordersIndex.xlEdgeBottom ).LineStyle
= Excel.XlLineStyle.xlDouble;
oResizeRange.Borders.get_Item( Excel.XlBordersIndex.xlEdgeBottom ).Weight
= Excel.XlBorderWeight.xlThick;
//Add a Chart for the selected data.
oWB = (Excel._Workbook)oWS.Parent;
oChart = (Excel._Chart)oWB.Charts.Add( Missing.Value, Missing.Value,
Missing.Value, Missing.Value );
//Use the ChartWizard to create a new chart from the selected data.
oResizeRange = oWS.get_Range("E2:E6", Missing.Value ).get_Resize(
Missing.Value, iNumQtrs);
oChart.ChartWizard( oResizeRange, Excel.XlChartType.xl3DColumn, Missing.Value,
Excel.XlRowCol.xlColumns, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value,
Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value );
oSeries = (Excel.Series)oChart.SeriesCollection(1);
oSeries.XValues = oWS.get_Range("A2", "A6");
for( int iRet = 1; iRet <= iNumQtrs; iRet++)
{
oSeries = (Excel.Series)oChart.SeriesCollection(iRet);
String seriesName;
seriesName = "=/"Q";
seriesName = String.Concat( seriesName, iRet );
seriesName = String.Concat( seriesName, "/"" );
oSeries.Name = seriesName;
}
oChart.Location( Excel.XlChartLocation.xlLocationAsObject, oWS.Name );
//Move the chart so as not to cover your data.
oResizeRange = (Excel.Range)oWS.Rows.get_Item(10, Missing.Value );
oWS.Shapes.Item("Chart 1").Top = (float)(double)oResizeRange.Top;
oResizeRange = (Excel.Range)oWS.Columns.get_Item(2, Missing.Value );
oWS.Shapes.Item("Chart 1").Left = (float)(double)oResizeRange.Left;
这个样,你就可以建立简单的生成excel程序,并写入数据,和建立图表。下节课,将综合各个Excel开发对象模型中的各个对象,来一个个讲解其中一些重要的属性和方法等。
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