struts2.01学习笔记

，建立WEB.XML：

代码

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<web-app>

<display-name>Struts Blank</display-name>

<filter>

<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>

<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher</filter-class>

</filter>

<filter-mapping>

<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>

<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>

</filter-mapping>

<listener>

<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>

</listener>

<welcome-file-list>

<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>

</welcome-file-list>

</web-app>

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文档中有一个org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher的filter
还有org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener

2.建SPRING的BEAN配置文件：applicationContext.xml

代码

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">

<beans default-autowire="autodetect">

<!-- add your spring beans here -->

</beans>

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3.建struts配置文件：

代码

<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC

"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"

"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">

<struts>

<include file="example.xml"/>

<!-- Add packages here -->

</struts>

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演示了一下配置文件分块的方法，下面这个才起作用：

<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">

代码

<struts>

<package name="example" namespace="/example" extends="struts-default">

<action name="HelloWorld" class="example.HelloWorld">

<result>/example/HelloWorld.jsp</result>

</action>

<action name="Login!*" method="{1}" class="example.Login">

<result name="input">/example/Login.jsp</result>

<result type="redirect-action">Menu</result>

</action>

<action name="*" class="example.ExampleSupport">

<result>/example/{1}.jsp</result>

</action>

<!-- Add actions here -->

</package>

</struts>

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4，录入验证：Login-validation.xml
这个很象struts1.x

代码

<!DOCTYPE validators PUBLIC

"-//OpenSymphony Group//XWork Validator 1.0.2//EN"

"http://www.opensymphony.com/xwork/xwork-validator-1.0.2.dtd">

<validators>

<field name="username">

<field-validator type="requiredstring">

<message key="requiredstring"/>

</field-validator>

</field>

<field name="password">

<field-validator type="requiredstring">

<message key="requiredstring"/>

</field-validator>

</field>

</validators>

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5.建立资源文件package.properties，这个也很象struts1.x

代码

HelloWorld.message= Struts is up and running ...

requiredstring = ${getText(fieldName)} is required.

password = Password

username = User Name

Missing.message = This feature is under construction. Please try again in the next interation.

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6.搞个action类，和WW2一模一样：

代码

package example;

public class Login extends ExampleSupport {

public String execute() throws Exception {

if (isInvalid(getUsername())) return INPUT;

if (isInvalid(getPassword())) return INPUT;

return SUCCESS;

}

private boolean isInvalid(String value) {

return (value == null || value.length() == 0);

}

private String username;

public String getUsername() {

return username;

}

public void setUsername(String username) {

this.username = username;

}

private String password;

public String getPassword() {

return password;

}

public void setPassword(String password) {

this.password = password;

}

}

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7.搞个helloworld类，也和WW2一样：
这里调用了资源文件中的 message, 这里比struts1.X类似功能要直接，会好用一些

代码

package example;

/**

* <code>Set welcome message.</code>

*/

public class HelloWorld extends ExampleSupport {

public String execute() throws Exception {

setMessage(getText(MESSAGE));

return SUCCESS;

}

/**

* Provide default valuie for Message property.

*/

public static final String MESSAGE = "HelloWorld.message";

/**

* Field for Message property.

*/

private String message;

/**

* Return Message property.

*

* @return Message property

*/

public String getMessage() {

return message;

}

/**

* Set Message property.

*

* @param message Text to display on HelloWorld page.

*/

public void setMessage(String message) {

this.message = message;

}

}

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8。搞个父类出来，这里只是演示用，所以空的

ExampleSupport.java

代码

package example;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

/**

* Base Action class for the Tutorial package.

*/

public class ExampleSupport extends ActionSupport {

}

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9。可以测试一下了：

代码

package example;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.entities.ActionConfig;

import java.util.Map;

import java.util.Collection;

import java.util.List;

public class LoginTest extends ConfigTest {

public void FIXME_testLoginConfig() throws Exception {

ActionConfig config = assertClass("example", "Login!input", "example.Login");

assertResult(config, ActionSupport.SUCCESS, "Menu");

assertResult(config, ActionSupport.INPUT, "/example/Login.jsp");

}

public void testLoginSubmit() throws Exception {

Login login = new Login();

login.setUsername("username");

login.setPassword("password");

String result = login.execute();

assertSuccess(result);

}

// Needs access to an envinronment that includes validators

public void FIXME_testLoginSubmitInput() throws Exception {

Login login = new Login();

String result = login.execute();

assertInput(result);

Map errors = assertFieldErrors(login);

assertFieldError(errors,"username","Username is required.");

assertFieldError(errors,"password","Password is required.");

}

}

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代码

package example;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

import junit.framework.TestCase;

public class HelloWorldTest extends TestCase {

public void testHelloWorld() throws Exception {

HelloWorld hello_world = new HelloWorld();

String result = hello_world.execute();

assertTrue("Expected a success result!",

ActionSupport.SUCCESS.equals(result));

assertTrue("Expected the default message!",

hello_world.getText(HelloWorld.MESSAGE).equals(hello_world.getMessage()));

}

}

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代码

package example;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.RuntimeConfiguration;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.entities.ActionConfig;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.entities.ResultConfig;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.XmlConfigurationProvider;

import java.util.Map;

import java.util.List;

import org.apache.struts2.StrutsTestCase;

public class ConfigTest extends StrutsTestCase {

protected void assertSuccess(String result) throws Exception {

assertTrue("Expected a success result!",

ActionSupport.SUCCESS.equals(result));

}

protected void assertInput(String result) throws Exception {

assertTrue("Expected an input result!",

ActionSupport.INPUT.equals(result));

}

protected Map assertFieldErrors(ActionSupport action) throws Exception {

assertTrue(action.hasFieldErrors());

return action.getFieldErrors();

}

protected void assertFieldError(Map field_errors, String field_name, String error_message) {

List errors = (List) field_errors.get(field_name);

assertNotNull("Expected errors for " + field_name, errors);

assertTrue("Expected errors for " + field_name, errors.size()>0);

// TODO: Should be a loop

assertEquals(error_message,errors.get(0));

}

protected void setUp() throws Exception {

super.setUp();

XmlConfigurationProvider c = new XmlConfigurationProvider("struts.xml");

configurationManager.addConfigurationProvider(c);

configurationManager.reload();

}

protected ActionConfig assertClass(String namespace, String action_name, String class_name) {

RuntimeConfiguration configuration = configurationManager.getConfiguration().getRuntimeConfiguration();

ActionConfig config = configuration.getActionConfig(namespace, action_name);

assertNotNull("Mssing action", config);

assertTrue("Wrong class name: [" + config.getClassName() + "]",

class_name.equals(config.getClassName()));

return config;

}

protected ActionConfig assertClass(String action_name, String class_name) {

return assertClass("", action_name, class_name);

}

protected void assertResult(ActionConfig config, String result_name, String result_value) {

Map results = config.getResults();

ResultConfig result = (ResultConfig) results.get(result_name);

Map params = result.getParams();

String value = (String) params.get("actionName");

if (value == null)

value = (String) params.get("location");

assertTrue("Wrong result value: [" + value + "]",

result_value.equals(value));

}

public void testConfig() throws Exception {

assertNotNull(configurationManager);

}

}

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哦，测试通过！

10。看看表示层是如何用的？
HelloWorld.jsp

代码

<%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" %>

<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>

<html>

<head>

<title><s:text name="HelloWorld.message"/></title>

</head>

<body>

<h2><s:property value="message"/></h2>

<h3>Languages</h3>

<ul>

<li>

<s:url id="url" action="HelloWorld">

<s:param name="request_locale">en</s:param>

</s:url>

<s:a href="%{url}">English</s:a>

</li>

<li>

<s:url id="url" action="HelloWorld">

<s:param name="request_locale">es</s:param>

</s:url>

<s:a href="%{url}">Espanol</s:a>

</li>

</ul>

</body>

</html>

render_code();

Login.jsp

代码

<%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" %>

<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>

<html>

<head>

<title>Sign On</title>

</head>

<body>

<s:form action="Login">

<s:textfield label="%{getText('username')}" name="username"/>

<s:password label="%{getText('password')}" name="password" />

<s:submit/>

</s:form>

</body>

</html>