Ajax框架 DWR 简介（1）---DWR基本设置

There are 2 ways to get started with DWR, the easy way is to download the WAR file and have a look around, however this does not help you see how easily DWR integrates with your current web application, so the following 3 simple steps are recommended:

1. Install the DWR JAR file

Download the dwr.jar file. Place it in the

WEB-INF/lib

directory of your webapp. You'll probably have a set of jar files in there already.

2. Edit the config files

The following lines need to be added to

WEB-INF/web.xml

. The

<servlet>

section needs to go with the other

<servlet>

sections, and likewise with the

<servlet-mapping>

section.

<servlet>
<servlet-name>dwr-invoker</servlet-name>
<display-name>DWR Servlet</display-name>
<servlet-class>uk.ltd.getahead.dwr.DWRServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>debug</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>

<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dwr-invoker</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/dwr/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

Then create a dwr.xml file that lives in WEB-INF alongside web.xml. A simple way to start is with something like this:

<!DOCTYPE dwr PUBLIC
"-//GetAhead Limited//DTD Direct Web Remoting 1.0//EN"
"">

<dwr>
<allow>
<create creator="new" javascript="JDate">
<param name="class" value="java.util.Date"/>
</create>
<create creator="new" javascript="Demo">
<param name="class" value="your.java.Bean"/>
</create>
</allow>
</dwr>

The DWR config file defines what classes DWR can create and remote for use by Javascript. In the example above we are defining 2 classes that are remoted and giving the classes names in Javascript.

The

new

creator that we used above uses the public no-args constructor that all JavaBeans must have. It is also worth remembering that DWR has a few restrictions:

Avoid reserved JavaScript words; Methods named after reserved words are automatically excluded. Most JavaScript reserved words are also Java reserved words, so you won't be having a method called "try()" anyway. However the most common gotcha is "delete()", which has special meaning from JavaScript but not Java.

Overloaded methods can be involved in a bit of a lottery as to which gets called, so avoid overloaded methods.

3. Go to the following URL

http://localhost:8080/[YOUR-WEBAPP]/dwr/

You should see a page showing you the classes that you've selected in step 2. Having followed a link you should see an index of all the methods all ready for calling. These pages are dynamically generated examples of what you can do using DWR.

Kick the tyres and have a look around.

How to make use of this from your web application

There are a number of examples in the sidebar that demonstrate how to dynamically alter the text in web pages, update lists, manipulate forms and do live table editing. Each has a description of how it works.

Another way to get started is to look at the source from the pages that you just viewed:

Go to http://localhost:8080/[YOUR-WEBAPP]/dwr/ and click on you class

View source and find the line that executes the method that you are interested in.

Paste the text into an HTML or JSP page in your web-app.

Include links to the javascript files that make the magic happen:

<script src='/[YOUR-WEBAPP]/dwr/interface/[YOUR-SCRIPT].js'></script>
<script src='/[YOUR-WEBAPP]/dwr/engine.js'></script>

You can omit the

/[YOUR-WEBAPP]/

section and use relative paths in your web pages if you wish.

For more information about how to write Javascript that interacts with DWR see the scripting introduction.