【收藏】通过 WMI 获取系统信息

通过 WMI 获取系统信息
摘要：WMI: Windows Management Instrumentation (Windows 管理工具)

通过 WMI 可以获取主板、BIOS、磁盘、显卡、网络等几乎所有的系统信息。 利用这个工具可以管理本地或客户端系统中几乎所有的信息。很多网络管理工具都是基于WMI开发的。在 Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 都有这个工具, 在 Windows 98 里面可以选择安装这个工具。
① 初始化 COM 接口:
访问 WMI, 必须先初始化 COM 接口, 在程序的一开始调用 CoInitialize(NULL); 初始化, 在结束时调用 CoUninitialize(); 释放资源。
这两个函数在 #include <comdef.h> 里面定义。

② 获取访问 WMI 权限:
CoInitializeSecurity(NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_PKT, RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, NULL, EOAC_NONE, 0);
如果这个函数返回 S_OK 获取权限成功, 否则为失败。

③ 通过 IWbemLocator 和 IWbemServices 这两个 COM 接口访问 WMI, 获取系统信息:
这个函数的参数: lpList 返回信息, wsClass 为要查找的系统信息类, 这些 COM 接口在 #include <wbemidl.h> 里定义。

void GetWmiInfo(CString lpList, WideString wsClass)
{
IWbemLocator *pWbemLocator = NULL;
if(CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemAdministrativeLocator, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER|CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER, IID_IUnknown, (void**)&pWbemLocator) == S_OK)
{
IWbemServices *pWbemServices = NULL;
WideString wsNamespace = (L"root//cimv2");
if(pWbemLocator->ConnectServer(wsNamespace, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL, &pWbemServices) == S_OK)
{
IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumClassObject = NULL;
WideString wsWQL=L"WQL", wsQuery=WideString(L"Select * from ")+wsClass;
if(pWbemServices->ExecQuery(wsWQL, wsQuery, WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumClassObject) == S_OK)
{
IWbemClassObject *pClassObject = NULL;
ULONG uCount = 1, uReturned;
if(pEnumClassObject->Reset() == S_OK)
{
int iEnumIdx = 0;
while(pEnumClassObject->Next(WBEM_INFINITE, uCount, &pClassObject, &uReturned) == S_OK)
{
lpList += "---------------- ["+IntToStr(iEnumIdx)+"] -----------------");

SAFEARRAY *pvNames = NULL;
if(pClassObject->GetNames(NULL, WBEM_FLAG_ALWAYS | WBEM_MASK_CONDITION_ORIGIN, NULL, &pvNames) == S_OK)
{
long vbl, vbu;
SafeArrayGetLBound(pvNames, 1, &vbl);
SafeArrayGetUBound(pvNames, 1, &vbu);
for(long idx=vbl; idx<=vbu; idx++)
{
long aidx = idx;
wchar_t *wsName = 0;
VARIANT vValue;
VariantInit(&vValue);
SafeArrayGetElement(pvNames, &aidx, &wsName);

BSTR bs = SysAllocString(wsName);
HRESULT hRes = pClassObject->Get(bs, 0, &vValue, NULL, 0);
SysFreeString(bs);

if(hRes == S_OK)
{
AnsiString s;
Variant v = *(Variant*)&vValue;
if(v.IsArray())
{
for(int i=v.ArrayLowBound(); i<=v.ArrayHighBound(); i++)
{
Variant a = v.GetElement(i);
if(!s.IsEmpty())
s+=", ";
s+=VarToStr(a);
}
}
else
{
s = VarToStr(v);
}
lpList += CString(wsName) + "=" + s;
}

VariantClear(&vValue);
SysFreeString(wsName);
}
}
if(pvNames)SafeArrayDestroy(pvNames);
iEnumIdx++;
}
}
if(pClassObject)pClassObject->Release();
}
if(pEnumClassObject)pEnumClassObject->Release();
}
if(pWbemServices)pWbemServices->Release();
}
if(pWbemLocator)pWbemLocator->Release();
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------

WMI 可以访问的信息类型有:
Win32_1394Controller
Win32_BaseBoard
Win32_Battery
Win32_BIOS
Win32_Bus
Win32_CacheMemory
Win32_CDROMDrive
Win32_CurrentProbe
Win32_DesktopMonitor
Win32_DeviceMemoryAddress
Win32_DiskDrive
Win32_DisplayConfiguration
Win32_DisplayControllerConfiguration
Win32_DMAChannel
Win32_Fan
Win32_FloppyController
Win32_FloppyDrive
Win32_HeatPipe
Win32_IDEController
Win32_InfraredDevice
Win32_IRQResource
Win32_Keyboard
Win32_MemoryArray
Win32_MemoryDevice
Win32_MotherboardDevice
Win32_NetworkAdapter
Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration
Win32_OnBoardDevice
Win32_ParallelPort
Win32_PCMCIAController
Win32_PhysicalMemory
Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray
Win32_PnPEntity
Win32_PointingDevice
Win32_PortableBattery
Win32_PortConnector
Win32_PortResource
Win32_POTSModem
Win32_PowerManagementEvent
Win32_Printer
Win32_PrinterConfiguration
Win32_PrintJob
Win32_Processor
Win32_Refrigeration
Win32_SerialPort
Win32_SerialPortConfiguration
Win32_SMBIOSMemory
Win32_SoundDevice
Win32_SystemEnclosure
Win32_SystemMemoryResource
Win32_SystemSlot
Win32_TapeDrive
Win32_TemperatureProbe
Win32_UninterruptiblePowerSupply
Win32_USBController
Win32_VideoConfiguration
Win32_VideoController
Win32_VoltageProbe

以上类型(字符串值)通过前面写的函数 GetWmiInfo 可以得到相应的信息, 例如 GetWmiInfo(strInfo, "WIN32_bios");